Biology Ch. 1-6

Front 1

The scientific study of Life

Back 1

Biology

Front 2

fundamental building block of all matter

Back 2

atom

Front 3

smallest unit of life

Back 3

cell

Front 4

all populations of all species in a given area

Back 4

community

Front 5

a community interacting with its environment

Back 5

ecosystem

Front 6

a characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the systems component parts

Back 6

emergent property

Front 7

an association of two or more atoms

Back 7

molecule

Front 8

in multicelled organisms, a grouping of tissues engaged in a collective task

Back 8

organ

Front 9

individual that consists of one or more cells

Back 9

organism

Front 10

in multicelled organisms, set of organs engaged in a collective task that keeps the body functioning properly

Back 10

organ system

Front 11

group of individuals of the same species that live in a given area

Back 11

population

Front 12

in multicelled organisms, specialized cells organized in a pattern that allows them to perform a collective function

Back 12

tissue

Front 13

organism that gets energy and nutrients by feeding on tissues, wastes, or remains of other organisms

Back 13

consumer

Front 14

multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult

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development

Front 15

deoxyribonucleic acid; carries hereditary information that guides growth and development

Back 15

DNA

Front 16

the capacity to do work

Back 16

energy

Front 17

in multicelled species, an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells

Back 17

growth

Front 18

set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges

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homeostasis

Front 19

transmission of DNA from parents to offspring

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inheritance

Front 20

substance that an organism needs for growth and survival, but cannot make it for itself

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nutrient

Front 21

process by which producers use light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water

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photosynthesis

Front 22

organism that makes its own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment

Back 22

producer

Front 23

processes by which parents produce offspring

Back 23

reproduction

Front 24

multicelled consumer that develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of its life cycle

Back 24

animal

Front 25

member of a group of single celled organisms that differ from bacteria

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archaean

Front 26

member of a large group of single celled organisms

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bacterium

Front 27

variation among living organisms

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biodiversity

Front 28

organisms whose cells have a nucleus

Back 28

eukaryote

Front 29

type of eukaryote consumer that obtains nutrients by digestion and absorption outside the body

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fungus

Front 30

double-membraned sac that encloses a cell's DNA

Back 30

nucleus

Front 31

A multicelled, typically photosynthetic producer

Back 31

plant

Front 32

member of a diverse group of simple eukaryotes

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protist

Front 33

a group of species that share a unique set of traits; also the first part of a species name

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genus

Front 34

a type of organism

Back 34

species

Front 35

linnaen category; a grouping of organism

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taxon

Front 36

the science of naming and classifying species

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taxonomy

Front 37

in an experiment, group of individuals who are not exposed to the independent variable that is being tested

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control group

Front 38

judging information before accepting it

Back 38

critical thinking

Front 39

experimental results

Back 39

data

Front 40

using a general idea to make a conclusion about a specific case

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deductive reasoning

Front 41

in an experiment, variable that is presumably affected by the independent variable being tested

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dependent variable

Front 42

a test design to support or falsify a prediction

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experiment

Front 43

in an experiment, group of individuals who are exposed to an independent variable

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experimental group

Front 44

testable explanation of a natural phenomenon

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hypothesis

Front 45

variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to the dependent variable

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independent variable

Front 46

drawing a conclusion based on observation

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inductive reasoning

Front 47

analogous system used for testing hypotheses

Back 47

model

Front 48

statement, based on the hypothesis, about a condition that should exist it the hypothesis is correct

Back 48

prediction

Front 49

systematic study of observable world

Back 49

science

Front 50

making, testing, and evaluating hypothesis

Back 50

scientific method

Front 51

in an experiment, characteristic or event that differs among individuals or over time

Back 51

variable

Front 52

the chance that a particular outcome of an event will occur

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probability

Front 53

difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and results derived from testing a subset of the group

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sampling error

Front 54

refers to a result that is statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance

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statistically significant

Front 55

generalizaton that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation

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law of nature

Front 56

hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing

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scientific theory

Front 57

number of protons in the atomic nucleus

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atomic number

Front 58

electrical property. opposite charges attract, and like repel

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charge

Front 59

negatively charge subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around an atomic nucleus

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electron

Front 60

a pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons

Back 60

element

Front 61

forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry

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isotopes

Front 62

an attractive force that arises between two atoms when their electrons interact

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chemical bond

Front 63

type of molecule that has atoms of more than one element

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compound

Front 64

measure of the ability of an atom to pull electrons away from other atoms

Back 64

electronegativity

Front 65

charge atom

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ion

Front 66

an intermingling of two or more types of molecules

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mixture

Front 67

group of two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

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molecule

Front 68

model of electron distribution in an atom

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shell model

Front 69

chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons

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covalent bonds

Front 70

attraction that forms between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and another atom taking part in a separate covalent bonds

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hydrogen bond

Front 71

type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge.

Back 71

ionic bond

Front 72

any separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions

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polarity

Front 73

tendency of molecules to resist separating from one another

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cohesion

Front 74

transition of a liquid to a gas

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evaporation

Front 75

describes a substance that dissolves easily in water

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hydrophilic

Front 76

describes a substance that resists dissolving in water

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hydrophobic

Front 77

compound that releases ions other than H+ anh OH- when it dissolves in water

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salt

Front 78

a dissolved substance

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solute

Front 79

liquid that can dissolve other substances

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solvent

Front 80

measure of molecular motion

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temperature

Front 81

substance that releases hydrogen ions in water

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acid

Front 82

substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water

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base

Front 83

set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH

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buffer

Front 84

the number of molecules or ions per unit volume of a solution

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concentration

Front 85

measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a fluid

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pH

Front 86

process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms

Back 86

condensation

Front 87

compound (usually a protein) that speeds up a reaction without being changes by it

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enzyme

Front 88

a group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound

Back 88

functional group

Front 89

compound or region of one that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

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hydrocarbon

Front 90

process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits by attracting a hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to the other

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hydrolysis

Front 91

all the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as the build and break down organic molecules

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metabolism

Front 92

molecules that are subunits of polymers

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monomers

Front 93

type of compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms

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organic

Front 94

molecule that consists of multiple monomers

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polymer

Front 95

molecule that consists primarily or carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

Back 95

carbohydrate

Front 96

lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one, two, or three fatty acid tails

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fat

Front 97

organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with an acidic carboxyl group at one end.

Back 97

fatty acid

Front 98

fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound

Back 98

lipid

Front 99

a lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two nonpolar fatty acid tails; main constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes

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phospholipid

Front 100

type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

Back 100

steroid

Front 101

a fat with three fatty acid tails

Back 101

triglyceride

Front 102

water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to a long chain alcohols or carbon rings

Back 102

wax

Front 103

small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, an a characteristic side group, all typically bonded to the same carbon atom

Back 103

amino acid

Front 104

a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acids in proteins

Back 104

peptide bond

Front 105

chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Back 105

polypeptide

Front 106

organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids (polypeptides)

Back 106

protein

Front 107

to unravel the shape of a protein or other large biological molecule

Back 107

denature

Front 108

infectious protein

Back 108

prion

Front 109

adenosine triphosphate. nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a five-carbon ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Back 109

ATP

Front 110

single- or double-stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate bonds; for example DNA, RNA

Back 110

nucleic acid

Front 111

monomer of nucleic acids; has five-carbon sugar, nitrogen-containing base, and phosphate groups

Back 111

nucleotide

Front 112

ribonucleic acid. some types have roles in protein synthesis. expresses gene(makes protein) does the work.

Back 112

RNA