Biology Ch 1

Front 1

Science

Back 1

an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

Front 2

Observation

Back 2

it is the process of gathering info about events or processes in a careful, orderly way

Front 3

Data

Back 3

the info gathered from the observation

Front 4

Inference

Back 4

logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

Front 5

Hypothesis

Back 5

proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

Front 6

Spontaneous generation

Back 6

when life could arise from nonliving matter

Front 7

Controlled experiment

Back 7

when a hypothesis is tested through experiments which only one variable at a time is changed, other variables should be left unchanged or controlled

Front 8

Manipulated variable

Back 8

a variable that is purposely changed

Front 9

responding variable

Back 9

a variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable

Front 10

theory

Back 10

a particular hypothesis that may become so well supported

Front 11

biology

Back 11

science that seeks to understand the living world

Front 12

cell

Back 12

a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings

Front 13

sexual reproduction

Back 13

when two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism

Front 14

asexual reproduction

Back 14

when the new organism has only one parent because a single celled organism divides in half to form a new organism

Front 15

metabolism

Back 15

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Front 16

stimulus

Back 16

it is a signal to which an organism responds

Front 17

homeostasis

Back 17

when an organism stays the same even though externally the environment is changing

Front 18

evolution

Back 18

the ability of a group of organisms to change over time

Front 19

metric system

Back 19

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10

Front 20

microscope

Back 20

a device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

Front 21

compound light microscope

Back 21

they allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image

Front 22

electron microscope

Back 22

use beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images

Front 23

cell culture

Back 23

can be used to test cell responses under controlled conditions to study interactions between cells and to select specific cells for further study

Front 24

cell fractionation

Back 24

this is to separate diff. cell parts

Front 25

Quantitative Data

Back 25

obtained by counting or measuring

Front 26

Qualitative Data

Back 26

descriptive and involve characteristics that can't usually be counted

Front 27

Steps of Research Method

Back 27

observation
problem/question
hypotheis
test hypothesis w/ controlled experiment
collect and record data
analyze data, form conclusion
publish results

Front 28

independent variable`

Back 28

one factor being tested

Front 29

dependent variable

Back 29

the new change that occurs due to the independent variable

Front 30

Francesco Redi

Back 30

disproved spontaneous generation
He observed that maggots often resulted after flies had been on meat.

Front 31

John Needham

Back 31

Claimed spontaneous generation could occur under the right conditions. He sealed a bottle of gravy and heated it. He claimed that the head had killed any living things that might be in the gravy

Front 32

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Back 32

boiled two containers of gravy , sealed one jar imediatly and left the other jar open, after few days gravy in open jar had tons of microorganisms, sealed jar remained free of them

Front 33

Louis Pasteur

Back 33

showed that all living things come from other living things

Front 34

Characteristics of living things

Back 34

1.made up of units called cells
2.reproduce
3.based on a universal genetic code
4.grow and develop
5.obtain and use materials and energy
6.respond to their environment
7.maintain a stable internal environment
8.change over time

Front 35

DNA

Back 35

genetic code, determines the inherited traits of every organism on Earth

Front 36

Zoologists

Back 36

study animals

Front 37

Botanists

Back 37

study plants

Front 38

Paleontologists

Back 38

study ancient life

Front 39

respiration

Back 39

taking in oxygen and using it to produce energy

Front 40

photosynthesis

Back 40

taking in carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and sugar

Front 41

life span

Back 41

maximum lenght of time a particular organism is expected to live

Front 42

Simple microscope

Back 42

developed by Anton Von Leeuwenhonek
magnification of 400x

Front 43

resolution

Back 43

the ability to distinguish between 2 objects under magnification

Front 44

TEM: Transmitting Electron Microscope

Back 44

-first electron microscope
-image is projected onto a monitor or photographic film
-allows mag. up to 1,000,000 x's

Front 45

SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope

Back 45

-uses a beam of electrons for illumination of obj
-scans the surface of the obj. resulting in a 3-D image of the obj

Front 46

Deductive reasoining

Back 46

process of logical reasoning from the general to the particulars

Front 47

Inductive Reasoning

Back 47

using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis