Biology Ch 1-3

Front 1

Eukaryotes

Back 1

have a nucleus

Front 2

Plantae-produce food by using sunlight photosynthesis
Fungi-absorbs food from surroundings
Animalla-ingest food

Back 2

Kingdoms of multi cellular Eukaryotes

Front 3

formulated the Theory of evolution by natural selection based on the fossil record and observations of living things

Back 3

Charles Darwin

Front 4

anything that has mass and takes up space

Back 4

matter

Front 5

substances that can't break down chemically

Back 5

elements

Front 6

organisms need these to survive

Back 6

essential elements

Front 7

combination of 2 or more elements that have different characteristics than the elements

Back 7

compound

Front 8

required by living things but in tiny amounts

Back 8

trace elements

Front 9

smallest unit of elements that retain the properties of that element

Back 9

Atom

Front 10

neutron no charge
electrons negative charge
protons positive charge

Back 10

subatomic particles

Front 11

# of protons

Back 11

atomic #

Front 12

# of protons + # of neutrons

Back 12

mass number

Front 13

equals to the mass number

Back 13

atomic mass

Front 14

determine the chemical behavior of atoms

Back 14

electrons

Front 15

stored energy based on position and location

Back 15

potential energy

Front 16

electrons orbits the atomic nucleus

Back 16

energy levels or electron shells

Front 17

outermost shell highest energy level

Back 17

valence shell

Front 18

determine if an atom will react with another atom

Back 18

valence electron

Front 19

the attraction of an atom for the electon in a covalent bond

Back 19

electronegativity

Front 20

electrons are shared equally between atoms

Back 20

nonpolar covalent bond

Front 21

one atom is more electronegative and hogs electrons

Back 21

polar covalent bond

Front 22

involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Back 22

ionic bond

Front 23

atom/molecules with a charge

Back 23

ions

Front 24

have a positive charge

Back 24

cations

Front 25

have a negative charge

Back 25

anions

Front 26

ionic bonds called salts

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ionic compunds

Front 27

covalent bond are

Back 27

very strong

Front 28

ionic bonds are

Back 28

weak

Front 29

hydrogen bonds are

Back 29

weak but important

Front 30

chemical bonds being brokre or formed

Back 30

chemical reactions

Front 31

starting molecules in a chemical reaction and produce Products

Back 31

reactant

Front 32

water molecules are polar

Back 32

the O hast a partial negative charge the Hs has a partial positive charge

Front 33

water molecules are linked together by multiple hydrogen bonds they stick together

Back 33

cohesive

Front 34

water absorbs and release large amounts of heat without much change in water temp heat is absorbed from warm air and released to cool air

Back 34

temperature moderation

Front 35

the amount of heat required to change the temp of 1 g of substance by 1 degree Celsius

Back 35

specific heat

Front 36

as temperature decreases below 4degrees Celsius water molecules form a stable crystalline widely spaced hydrogen bonds

Back 36

expands when freezing

Front 37

solution is a homogenous liquid mixture

Back 37

universal solvent

Front 38

dissolved by the solvent

Back 38

solute

Front 39

water fearing nonpolar substances don't dissolve well in water

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hydrophobic

Front 40

involves the relative concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Back 40

acids and bases

Front 41

increase H+ concentrate in water

Back 41

acids

Front 42

reduce H+ concentrate in water

Back 42

bases

Front 43

determine pH

Back 43

H+ concentrate

Front 44

14-0
base above 7
acid below 7
basic solution has pH of 7

Back 44

pH scale