Biology Cells

Front 1

parts of a cell are called

Back 1

organelles

Front 2

diffusion

Back 2

substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration

Front 3

osmosis

Back 3

the diffusion of water

Front 4

nucleus

Back 4

control center of cell, contains DNA

Front 5

nucleolus

Back 5

makes ribosomes

Front 6

nuclear pores

Back 6

holes through which RNA and ribosomes travel out of the nucleus

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

the code book for making proteins

Front 8

RNA

Back 8

copies DNA and leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores and then is translated by ribosomes into protein

Front 9

Ribosomes

Back 9

usually found on endoplasmic reticulum, translate RNA into protein

Front 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

memberances that surround the nucleus

Front 11

Rough ER

Back 11

Er that countains ribosomes and makes protein

Front 12

Smooth ER

Back 12

produces lipid (far) based molecules, like changing cholesterol into Vitamin D

Front 13

Humans have _____ genes

Back 13

33,000

Front 14

______ DNA strands ____ pairs

Back 14

46 strands, 23 pairs

Front 15

mutations...

Back 15

stretch out blood cell and break it eaisly...hemoglobin

Front 16

golgi apparatus

Back 16

another group of membranes that modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates to them, modifies and directs protein to where they need to be

Front 17

Lysosomes

Back 17

bag of enzymes that is used to recycle broken cell parts and foreign particles - white blood cell consumes a bacteria - lysosome dissolves bacteria. lysosomes collect undigestible particles which might contribute to aging

Front 18

apoptosis

Back 18

cellular suicide

Front 19

Mitochondria

Back 19

provides power for cell, breaks down sugar into usable sized pieces, require oxygen, produces CO2, process called respiration, tend to be abundant in cells w/ high enery needs (muscle), have their own DNA, reproduce independently

Front 20

Chloroplasts

Back 20

produce sugar from CO2, H2O, and sunlight, produces glucose and oxygen, only in plants, has its own DNA, reproduces independently

Front 21

Vacuoles

Back 21

storage area in plants for water and other chemicals, if a vacuole isn't filled, the plant wilts, sometimes stores poision to prevent eating (locoweed)

Front 22

flagellum

Back 22

single tail, spins

Front 23

cilia

Back 23

hair like projection (like oars), the cell or if the cell is stationary used to move other substances

Front 24

ameboid movement

Back 24

squishy thing attaches, pulls in one direction, like inchworm

Front 25

cell walls in plants

Back 25

rigid, provide structure

Front 26

cell wall in bacteria

Back 26

counteract osmotic pressure, this is what antibiotics destroy

Front 27

cell membrane

Back 27

is made of phospholipids, has a protein gate, clumps of protein

Front 28

phospholipids

Back 28

chemicals that make up cell membrane. top round part is hydrophilic (water loving) squiggly lines are hydrophobi (wear fearing)

Front 29

carbohydrate chain

Back 29

marker on outside of cell, tells body if it's you or not

Front 30

E.Coli

Back 30

bacteria that lives in intestines, lactose goes in by diffusion

Front 31

passive transport

Back 31

if you want it, it will diffuse in, just open gates and let it in

Front 32

active transport

Back 32

once equilibrum is reached to continue bringing lastose in, the cell must pump it using energy

Front 33

Endocytosis

Back 33

"bubbles" in large things to get them in...markers get bubbled in too

Front 34

osmosis

Back 34

any cell w/ a lot of stuff in it will draw in water by osmosis and needs to pump water back out