Biology Cell Unit Grade 10

Front 1

Diffusion

Back 1

Random movement of ions and other particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; through air, water and other liquids and across membranes.

Front 2

Osmosis

Back 2

Diffusion of water into and out of cell through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration

Front 3

Plasmolysis

Back 3

The shrinkage of volume area of a cell due to falling water concentrations resulting in contraction of the membrane

Front 4

Exocytosis

Back 4

Reverse process of endocytosis in which cell products or wastes are enclosed in vesicles and released to the surroundings.

Front 5

Phagocytosis

Back 5

Process by which the cell takes in solid chunks of material; a form of endocytosis.

Front 6

Equilibrium

Back 6

balance a condition in which no further net change is occuring in a system, and free energy is minimimal

Front 7

Concentration gradient

Back 7

The relation of two given areas, where the concentration of a particular substance differs between those areas. Diffusion will result in this substance moving along a concentration Gradient until the concentration of the two areas becomes equal.
This movement of concentration along a gradient is common in many biological processes, which are elaborated upon in the cell biology tutorial involving the biological cell which mentions the various ways how substances can pass through a cell membrane.

Front 8

Active transport

Back 8

energy-requiring process in which particles move from an area of lower concentration to an area of high concentration.

Front 9

Passive transport

Back 9

Movement of particles across membranes from an area of greater concentration to an are of lesser concentration as a result of a net random motion; difusion and osmosis are examples.

Front 10

Endocytosis

Back 10

Process by which the plasma membrane of cell surrounds material, engulfs it and takes in the material from its environment.

Front 11

Membrane-bound organelles

Back 11

Specific, usually subcellular, particles of membrane-bound organised living substances present in practically all eukaryotic cells, including mitochondria, the golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, centrioles and the cell centre, as well as the plastids of plant cells. Includes also the minute organs of protozoa concerned with such functions as locomotion and metabolism.

Front 12

Cell theory

Back 12

The theory that
(1) all living things are composed of one or more cells or cell fragments
(2) the cell is the organism's basic unit of structure and function
(3)all cells arise from other cells.

Front 13

Nucleus

Back 13

Control area of eukaryotic cells; contains chromatin and a nucleolus.

Front 14

Cell membrane

Back 14

Outer boundary of a cell that regulates which particles enter and leave the cell.

Front 15

Nucleolus

Back 15

A small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; nucleoli contain RNA and are involved in protein synthesis.