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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are chemical pathways?
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They are arranged reactions in which cells create, store, and release energy in various forms.
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What are the two main types of reactions?
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Anabolic and catabolic
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Anabolic reactions
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Require energy in assembling larger molecules from smaller ones
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Catabolic reactions
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Release energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones.
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What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
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Glycolysis, the Kerbs cycle, and the Electron transfer chain.
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ATP
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Excellent source of immediate energy for the cell.
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Where does glycolysis occur?
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In the cytoplasm of all living cells.
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What does glycolysis do?
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It converts glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP and high-energy-electrons to be passed on to a carrier (NAD+) and the Electron transfer chain.
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What is the other name for Citric Acid Cycle?
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Kerbs Cycle
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Where does the Kerb cycle occur?
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The mitochondrion.
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What is the last step of respiration?
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The electron transfer chain.
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Where does the electron transfer chain occur?
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In the mitochondrion.
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What is redox short for?
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Reduction-oxidation
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What does reduction refer to?
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The acceptance of electrons by one compound in the reaction.
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What does oxidation refer to?
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The donation of electrons by the other compound.
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What is fermentation?
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It occurs in the absence of oxygen - cells break down sugars anaerobically.
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What is the only step in glucose catabolism that does not require oxygen?
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Glycolysis.
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What is an autotroph?
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An organism that sustains itself by making its own organic materials (sugars, amino acids, and fats) from inorganic materials.
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What is a heterotroph?
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An organism that relies on the consumption of other organisms for food.
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Are plants autotrophs or heterotrophs?
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Plants are autotrophs, synthesizing organic compounds from light and CO2 in photosynthesis.
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What is the opposite of photosynthesis?
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Respiration.
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What is the molecular chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
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6 H2O + 6 Co2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
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Where does photosynthesis occur?
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Chloroplasts.
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Where is the sun's energy trapped?
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In the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
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There are two main processes that occurs in the chloroplasts, they are...
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Electron transport and photophosphorylation.
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What are the two names of the the stages that occur in photosynthesis?
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Light and dark reactions
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What is carbon fixation?
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The series of reactions that takes CO2 from the atmosphere and converts it into organic compounds (carbs, lipids, and oils).
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What is the most common cycle that plants use to fix carbon?
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The Calvin-Benson (C3) cycle which is a pathway that uses energy from ATP and NAPH to produce fructose.
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What do desert plants use to fix carbon?
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They use a water-conserving C4 photosynthesis.
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