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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Haploid Number
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A cell that only contains a single set, or half, of the number of chromosomes a normal cell needs. In humans: 23
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Diploid Number
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The number of chromosomes a cell has when it has its full set of chromosomes; in humans, 46
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Zygote
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The one cell that is formed after fertilization takes place
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Crossing Over
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The trading of DNA between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.
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Spermatogenesis
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Production of eggs in the testes, under influence of hormone testosterone. Results in four functional sperm.
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Oogenesis
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Production of eggs in the ova. Results in one functional egg and three polar bodies.
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Gametogenesis
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The formation of sex cells, or gametes, by the process of meiosis
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Fertilization
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The union of the sperm and egg. Internal fertilization: Union takes place inside female. External: Outside female's body
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Steps of Mitosis
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Interphase [NOT mitosis], Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis [Starts during telophase].
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Cytokinesis: Plants vs. Animals
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Animals: Formation of cleavage furrow -- cell divides
Plants: Formation of cell plate -- cell divides |
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Asexual Reproduction
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Reproduction with only one parent. Offspring are genetically identical to parent. Includes sporulation and budding.
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Morula
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Solid ball of cells that forms by zygote cell repeatedly splitting.
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Endoderm
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Most inner layer of cells in the late gastrula. Will form the respiratory and digestive systems.
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Blastula
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Hollow ball of cells that forms after the morula.
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Synapsis
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When homologous chromosomes exchange DNA during meiosis
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Interphase
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G1 phase: cell growth
S Phase: DNA replication G2 Phase: Preparing for mitosis |
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Metaphase
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Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
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Cyclins
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Proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
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Tetrad
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2 pairs of homologous chromosomes; 4 chromatids in total. Happens during Prophase I of Meiosis
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Homologous
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Similar, but NOT identical. Homologous chromosomes have the same genes but different alleles.
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