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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are alveoli adapted for efficient gas exchange? |
They have a huge surface area, very thin walls and a good blood supply. |
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Describe what happens during ventilation. |
When you breathe in the intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage up and out, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, thorax volume increases, decreases air pressure in lungs. When you breathe out, the intercostal muscles relax and ribcage moves down, the diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome shaped again, the thorax volume decreases and this increases the pressure |
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How do negative pressure ventilators work? |
A sealed case is placed around the patients chest, air is pumped out of the case so the pressure drops around the chest. This makes the lungs expand as air is drawn into them, air is then pumped into the case to produce the opposite effect. |
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How does a positive pressure ventilator work? |
This works by pumping air into the lungs, which expands the ribcage. When it stops pumping the ribcage relaxes and and pushes air back out of the lungs. |
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Where in the cell do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration happen? |
Mitochondria. |
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What is the word equation for aerobic respiration? |
Glucose+oxygen----->carbon dioxide+water (+energy) |
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What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration? |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy) |
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Give 2 examples of how an animal uses energy released by aerobic respiration? |
1) to allow the muscles to contract (so it can move) 2) to build up larger molecules from smaller ones |
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What happens to our breathing and heart rate during exercise? And why? |
An increase in muscle activity requires more glucose and oxygen to be supplied to the muscle cells, and CO2 to be removed, this requires blood to flow at a faster rate. This is why you breathe faster and deeper when you're exercising, to meet the demand for oxygen. |
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What is anaerobic respiration? |
When you do vigorous exercise and your body can't supply enough oxygen to your muscles, this happens. It simply means without oxygen. |
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What's the word equation for anaerobic respiration? |
Glucose----->lactic acid (+energy) |
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Some plants and organisms respire anaerobically. Name the 2 substances this process produces. |
They produce ethanol and CO2 |
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How can you repay oxygen debt? |
You have to keep breathing hard for a while, to get more oxygen into your blood. |
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Name 3 parts of our circulation system. |
The heart, blood vessels and the blood. |
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What is an artificial pace maker and what does it do? |
A little device that's planted under the skin and has a wire going to the heart, it produces an electric current and helps the heart to beat regularly. |
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Explain how capillaries are adapted to their function. |
They carry blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange substances with them. They have thin permeable walls, so substances can diffuse in and out. Their walls are usually one cell thick, this increases diffusion by decreasing the distance over which it occurs. |
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Where do veins carry blood to and from? |
Veins take blood to the heart. |
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What does the red blood cell do and how are they adapted to this? |
They carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the rest of the body. They are donut shaped to give a large surface area to carry the oxygen and they don't have a nucleus to make more room for it. |
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What does the red blood cell do and how are they adapted to this? |
They carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the rest of the body. They are donut shaped to give a large surface area to carry the oxygen and they don't have a nucleus to make more room for it. |
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What do white blood cells do? |
They defend against disease, they gobble up unwanted microorganisms and produce antibodies to fight them. |
