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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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evolution of plants (little chart/pic)
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mosses-nonvascular system(lacking vessels that move water/oxygen/minerals) rely on osmosis, diffusion, and active transport, bryophytes
ferns-have a vascular system, rely on spores for reproduction-very vunerable compared to seed, tracheophytes gymnosperms-conifers, have a vascular system and seeds "naked seeds"=exposed angiosperms-flowering plants, have vascular system, protected seed-but protected by flower and fruit. |
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the basic form of a plant (leaves, vascular system, flowers, fruits, stem, root)
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leaves-absorb CO2 and are the main site of photosynthesis
vascular system-transports water and minerals flowers-the reproductive structures fruits-contain the seeds stem-provides support and extends the plant toward the sun roots-anchor plants and absorb water and nutrients |
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define fruit
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many different forms but..Seeds are ripened ovules; fruits are the ripened ovularies or carpels that contain the seeds. In botanical terminology, a nut is a type of fruit and not another term for seed.
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draw the picture of the leaf cross section.
what does the: cuticle upper epidermis palisade layer chloroplasts vascular bundle spongy mesophyll intercellular chamber lower epidermis stomate guard cells do? |
cuticle: is for protection, waxy and transparent
upper epidermis: palisade layer: primary site of photosynthesis, tons of chloroplasts to absorb sunlight chloroplasts: vascular bundle: elevator-one is up--xylem:transport h20 up, other-phloem:transports sugar/sap wherever needs to go spongy mesophyll: irregularly spaced cells to create air pockets intercellular chamber:holds air+gases C02, 02, h20 lower epidermis: stomata: opening guard cells:regulate the stoma/opening of it |
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3 different roots
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1- taproot ex. carrot, one primary and others coming off
2- fibrous ex. corn, mass all the same diameter 3-prop root ex. mangrove, try to buttress/support root |
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functions of a root
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1. absorb water and nutrients
2. store food 3. anchors the plant |
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H20 w.roots
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1. roots absorb h20 by osmosis
2. root hairs increase surface area which greatly improves amt. of water absorbed |
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C02 in leaf
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1.C02 diffuses into the leaf through the stomata
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02 in leaf
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1. 02 diffuses out of the stoma
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C6H12O6 in leaf
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1. need to be transported anywhere energy is needed *respiration-mitochondria ATP*
phloem-anywhere sugar is needed and takes the sugar around. companion cells--phloem--sieve tubes. 2.companion cells actively transport sugar into the sieve tubes, H20 follows by osmosis ->=sugar H20 |
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Importance of Root Hairs
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vastly increase surface area for uptake (if the root hairs of one sunflower laid out theyd stretch for miles)
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define transpiration
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evaporation of water from a leaf’s surface
also-Cohesion - explains how water moves up a plant against the force of gravity (without a motor……cool, eh?) |
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Plant Regulation
Positive or negative (phototropism, etc.) whether they exhibit the trait or respond |
Regulated by Hormones.
Tropism - movement provoked by a stimulus Phototropism--shoot system is positive, roots-negative (they don’t care about light or bend accordingly) so - phototropism (light) Gravitropism (gravity) thigmotropism(touch) |
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What do the hormones do? What are each and their function.
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Hormones- chemicals that regulate behavior(anything, could be one cell)
They are produced in one part and have their impact in another part. Hormones travel through plants in the vascular system. For each hormone : bold Auxin-stimulates cell elongation Cytokinin=stimulates cell division Eythylene-stimulates fruit ripening Abscicic acid- inhibits growth Gibberellin- regualtes production of hydrolytie |
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How do they (hormone) know what to do when they reach the cell? (Drawing in notes)
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They know where to go/what to do when they get to their target cells and when the cell membrane makes contact.
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Life Cycle of an Angiosperm
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1.Germination
2. Growth and Development 3. Flower Production-get ready to reproduce 4. Fruit Ripening--to attract animals to spread for hope of new generation 5.Prepare for Winter |
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Where is each hormone present in each stage of an Angiosperm?
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1.Germination-GA
2. Growth and Development-auxin, cytoken, GA 3. Flower Production- NONE 4. Fruit Ripening-ethylene 5.Prepare for Winter-ABA, ethylene |
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Explain sugar and water transport
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1.sugars are actively transported from source cells into sieve tube elements.
2. b/c of the high sugar concentration in the phloem, H20 diffuses into the sieve tube elements, raising h20 pressure 3.pressure causes the sap-sugar-water to flow through the phloem 4. sugars are transported out of the phloem into sink cells:water diffuses into the xylem, reducing the H20 pressure in the phloem |
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Explain Transport in the Root.
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water and mineral ions move into the root along 2 pathways
1. mineral ions and water molecules enter root hairs and travel through the cortex by osmosis. Water also flows btwn the cells of the cortex. 2. Nutrients Dissolved in water can flow btwn the parenchyma cells, directly into the root cortex, then through the cells of the endodermis. |
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Draw the structure of a flower. what are the components and functions.
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petal-attracts pollinators
stigma-sticky pollen adheres ovary-produces ovule ovule-egg sepal-protect flower bud anther-produces pollen filament-supports the anther receptacle-The part of a branch on which the flower forms carpel-female reproductive structures |
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what is an adaptation so that transcription and water loss does not occur?
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desert plants-open their stoma at night so they don't have to worry about transcription/losing water
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define pollination
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the act of the pollen grain landing on the stigma
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define pollen grain+ pollen tube cell/role of it
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has hard outer casing. 2 cells: -genotive cell=sperm (will fertilize egg), -pollen tube cell
pollen tube cell- gives a pollen tube, extends down the style and enters the ovary-the tube actually enters an ovule. -the generation cell fuses with the egg=fertilization |
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Explain Light Dependent and Independent Reactions, the products and reactants of each etc.
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in notes/quiz-study
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