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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aerobic Respiration
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The breakdown of glucose using oxygen from the air to release energy, carbon dioxide and water
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Allele
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One form of a gene
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Allergic Reaction
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A reaction, such as a skin rash, by the body to a substance
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Amino Acid
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The building block of proteins
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Amylase
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Enzyme that catalyses the digestion of starch
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Asexual Reproduction
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Producing offspring withput fertilisation, by mitosis
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Base (genetics)
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A molecule in DNA that is part of the genetic code
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Biomass
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The total weight of living material that exists at a certain level in a food chain
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Bone Marrow
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The soft tissue inside the long bones of the body where some stem cells are found
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By-product
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Product formed in the process of making something else
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Carbohydrase
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Enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch syrup to sugar syrup
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Carbon Cycle
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The way in which carbon atoms circulate from one organism to another in the environment
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Carrier
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Someone who has one recessive allele for a genetic disorder, so they do not have the disease but can pass it on to their children
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Catalyst
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Something that speeds up a reaction, but it is not itself used up
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Cell Membrane
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The thin outer layer of a cell that controls what goes into and comes out of the cell
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Cell Sap
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A liquid that contains dissolved sugars and salts and is found in plant cell vacuoles
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Cell Wall
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Outer covering layer of a plant cell that provides support for a plant cell
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Characteristic
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A feature. What a gene codes for
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Chlorphyll
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Green pigment found in chloroplasts. It is used to trap light for photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts
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Organelles in a plant cell that contain chlophyll
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Chromosome
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Long length of DNA. Found in the nucleus of cells
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Clone
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Offspring identical to the parent
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Community
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All the living organisms present in a eco-system
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Concentration
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Measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent such as water
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Concentration Gradient
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The graduated difference in concentration between two different concentrations of a substance in two places
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Constrict
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Get narrower
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Core Body Temperature
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Temperature deep inside the body
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Cross (genetics)
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Mating one individual with another
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Cystic Fibrosis
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Genetic disease caused by a recessive allele. It makes mucus thick and sticky which causes many problems in the body
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Cytoplasm
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The contents of a cell outside its nucleus, where the chemical reactions takes place
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Decomposers
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Organisms that decompose materials
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Deficiency Symptoms
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Changes in appearance caused by the lack of a particular mineral ion
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Dehydration
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Containing too little water
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Detergent
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Chemical that helps breakdown stains
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Detrtius
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Fragments of partly broken down plant or animal tissue
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Detritus Feeder
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Organism that feeds on detritus
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Diabetes
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Disorder where the body cannot control the blood glucose concentration properly
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Differentiated (cell)
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A cell that has become a particular type, such as a muscle cell
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Diffusion
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The movement of particles through another substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Digest
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Breakdown into smaller molecules, such as in the gut
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Dilate
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Get wider
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DNA
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Deoxyribose nucleic acid. Chemical that makes up genes and chromosomes
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DNA Fingerprinting
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Making an image of part of the DNA code
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Dominant
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An allele which produces the characteristic when only one allele is present
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Efficient (ecology)
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Reducing the amount of energy lost from the food chain
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Embryo
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The early stages of development after an egg is fertilised
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Embryo Screening
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Checking embryos to see if they have genetic diseases or other characteristics
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Energy Store
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A deposit of starch in plants or fat in animals
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Enzymes
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Chemicals that control the rate of reaction in cells
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Excrete
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Remove from the body
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Factory Farming
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A system of large scale, industrialised and intensive agriculture. Animals raised are kept indoors and allowed little movement
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Fatty Acid
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One of the sub units that, with glycerol, makes up fats and oils
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Feedback Control
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Where the result of a process or reaction is monitored and used to control the rate of the process or reaction
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Fertilisers
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Chemicals that contain the ions that plants need so that they can grow properly
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Food Chain
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A pathway that energy and nutrients follow in a community
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Fructose
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What glucose is changed to by an isomerase enzyme
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Fuse (biology)
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Join together
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Gamete
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A sex cell
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Gene
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A short piece of chromosome that codes for a characteristic or protein
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Genetic Code
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The sequence of bases on a DNA molecule
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Genetic Diagram
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A diagram to show the inheritance of alleles and characteristics
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Gland
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A group of cells responsible for the production and release of a particular substance
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Glycerol
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One of the sub units that, with fatty acids, makes up fats and oils
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Homeostasis
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Keeping everything in balance in the body
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Hormone
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Proteins that tell some cells what to do
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Huntington's Disease
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Genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele. A disease that affetcs the nervous system later in life
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Insoluble
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Substance that does not dissolve in a liquid such as water
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Insulin
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Hormone that controls blood glucose concentration
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Isomerase
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Enzyme that catalyses the change of glucose to fructose
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Limited
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The point behind which a reaction does not increase
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Limiting Factor
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An environmental variable that slows or limits the rate of a reaction
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Lipase
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Enzyme that catalyses the digestion of lipid
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Lipid
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Another name for fat or oil
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Meiosis
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Division of cells to make gametes. The cells produced have only one set of chromosomes
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Micro-organism
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Organism which is too small to be seen without a microscope
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Mineral Ions
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Charged particles that plants absorb from the soil for healthy growth
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Mitochondria
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Organelles that provide energy for a cell during respiration
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Mitosis
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Division of a body cell that produces two identical cells
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Monitor
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Keep checking
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Mutation
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A change in a gene
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Net Movement
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The overall amount and direction of movement of particles during diffusion
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Nucleus (biology)
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Large organelle that controls the activities of a cell
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Organelles
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Structures found within a cell, with a particular function
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Organs
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Have a characteristic shape, a specific function and are made up from different types of tissue
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Osmosis
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Net movement of water molecules from a dilute to a more concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane
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Ovaries
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The female reproductive organs in humans and animals
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Overhydration
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Absorbing too much water
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Palisade Cella
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Cells in the leaf involved in photosynthesis
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Paralysis
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Unable to move
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Partially Permeable Membrane
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Thin layer with tiny holes in it that allows some particles to pass through
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Photosynthesis
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Process by which green plant cells produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water using light energy
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Protease
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Enzyme that catalyses the digestion of a protein
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Pyramid of Biomass
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Diagram that shows the amount of biomass at each level in a food chain
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Rate of Photosynthesis
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The amount of photosynthesis occuring in unit time
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Recessive
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An allele which produces the characteristic when two of the alleles are present
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Respiration
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The breakdown of sugar in cells to release energy, carbon dioxide and water
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Ribosomes
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Tiny organelles where protein synthesis occurs inside a cell
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Root Hair Cells
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Cells that have root hairs on them
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Scavenger
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Animal that feeds on dead plants and animals
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Sex Chromosomes
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Chromosomes that determines whether the individual is male or female
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Sexual Reproduction
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Offspring produced by the fusion of a male and female gamete
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Soluble
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Substance that dissolves in a liquid such as water
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Specialised Cells
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The cells that have special features that are related to what they do. Also called differentiated cells
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Stem Cell
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Cell that can differentiate into many different types
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Testes
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The male reproductive organs in humans orother animals
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Thermogram
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Diagram showing temperature
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Thermoregulatory Centre
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Part of the body which monitors and controls internal body temperature
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Tissue
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A mass of similar cells
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Toxic
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Poisonous
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Urea
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Substance made in the liver from the breakdown of amino acids
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Vacuole
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Space in the middle of a plant cell where cell sap is found
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Variation
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Difference between individuals
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Waste Product
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A product of a reaction that isn't used for anything else
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Xylem Vessels
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Dead cells that transport water and mineral ions in plants
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Yield (biology)
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Amount of a crop that a plant produces
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