Biology B1 Ocr Gcse

Front 1

What is a gene code for?

Back 1

Proteins- this give you your characteristics

Front 2

Name 2 types of proteins.

Back 2

Structural and functional

Front 3

Define an organisms genotype and how that relates to the phenotype

Back 3

An organisms genotype is all the genes it has and the phenotype is the characteristics that the organism displays

Front 4

Give an example of a characteristic controlled only by genes.

Back 4

Dimples, eye colour, natural hair colour. This can be controlled by one gene or several genes working together.

Front 5

Give an example of a characteristic controlled only by environmental factors.

Back 5

Scars, tattoos, dyed hair colour ect ect... They are controlled by things like where and how you live.

Front 6

Name a characteristic controlled by BOTH genes and environmental factors.

Back 6

Skin colour, weight E.g you could have a very fast metabolism (genetic) and eat loads (environmental).

Front 7

How many pairs of chromosomes do you have?

Back 7

23 pairs so therefore you have 46 in total.

Front 8

In a cell what contains your DNA?

Back 8

Your nucleus.

Front 9

What is your genetic material arranged into?

Back 9

Chromosomes, these are long strands of DNA.

Front 10

What are different versions of the same genes called?

Back 10

Alleles. You have 2 'matching' alleles, one from each parent. The dominant version become the phenotype.

Front 11

How many chromosomes does a sex cell contain?

Back 11

23, they join with the other 23 from other parent and become the 23 pairs.

Front 12

Why do children look like a bit like both parent but identical to neither?

Back 12

Because you get a random selection of 1 of each pair of chromosomes from each parent.

Front 13

What are genetic disorders caused by?

Back 13

Faulty Alleles.

Front 14

What is the difference between Cystic Fibrosis and Huntingtons disease?

Back 14

CF is caused by a faulty ressesive allele apples to Huntingtons which is caused by a faulty dominant allele.

Front 15

Name the symtons of Cystic Fibrosis.

Back 15

Thick sticky mucus,
Difficulty breathing,
Chest infections,
Difficulty digesting food.

Front 16

What is a ressesive allele?

Back 16

It means that only one copy of the allele won't show symptoms.

Front 17

State the genotype of a person that is a carrier of Cystic Fibrosis.

Back 17

Ff.

Front 18

What is a dominant allele?

Back 18

It is an allele that if you have only one you will still have the disorder.

Front 19

What are the symptoms of Huntingtons disorder?

Back 19

Tremors,
Clumsiness,
Memory loss,
Mood changes,
Poor concentration
Late onset (40 years old)
(no cure)

Front 20

State and explain a form of genetic testing in embryos in the womb.

Back 20

IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
Doctors test embryos to check if they have a genetic disorder

Front 21

State a form of genetic testing before embryo is in the womb.

Back 21

PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis) fertilised embryos are tested and only healthy ones are chosen to be implanted into the mothers womb.

Front 22

Who can be genetically tested?

Back 22

Embryos children and adults. (children and adults can be tested before certain drugs are prescribed to them).

Front 23

Briefly explain the arguments against genetic testing.

Back 23

They are not one hundred percent accurate, not a hundred percent safe, maybe concerning for other members of the family, they might get pressure about having children, is it right to terminate the pregnancy, insurance company may refuse to give life insurance and might cause discrimination.

Front 24

Name the type of clone made when a single egg cell fertilised by a sperm splits into two and them begins to develop.

Back 24

Identical twins.

Front 25

Briefly state how scientists can clone animals in labs.

Back 25

Nucleaus of egg cell is removed. Nucleus from donor cell is inserted in its place. New cell is stimulated starts dividing as if it was a normal embryo. Embryo produced is genetically identical to donor cell.

Front 26

What are stem cells?

Back 26

Unspecialised cells that can develop into anything in the body.

Front 27

Name the two types of stem cells.

Back 27

These are the unspecialised cells that are found in early embryos. Can be turned into ANY type of cell.
Adults stem cells involved in retaining repairing into damaged tissues these can turn int many but not all types of cells. These can be safely removed as apposed to embryonic stem cells as removing would destroy the embryo.

Front 28

Name a source of adult stem cells.

Back 28

Bone marrow; this contains adult stem cells that can turn new blood cells to replace faulty old ones.

Front 29

Name some uses of embryonic cells.

Back 29

Replace faulty cells in sick people e.g. Heart cell muscles (people with with heart disease).
Insulin-producing cells (for people with diabetes).
Also this could be a big advantage because the body cannot reject its own cells.

Front 30

What sex chromosomes do human males have?

Back 30

X and Y as opposed to femal who have X and X.

Front 31

what is the difference between fit and healthy

Back 31

fit is the ability to do exercise and healthy is

being free from disease.