Biology Ap: Unit 2: Cells

Front 1

Obligate anaerobes

Back 1

Cannot survive in the presence of 02

Front 2

Facultative aerobes

Back 2

Can survive with or without 02

Front 3

Obligate aerobes

Back 3

Require 02 to survive

Front 4

Rough ER (rER)

Back 4

Site of protein production and transport destined for secretion
-Determined by a signal sequence of hydrophobic amino acids on the protein

Front 5

Smooth ER (sER)

Back 5

Involved in lipid syntehsis, carbohydrate (glycogen) metabolism) and detoxification of drugs and poisons, network of tubes

Front 6

Golgi Apparatus (Complex)

Back 6

Stack of flattened sacs involved in protein secretion (release), proteins are modified and packaged as they move from cis to trans

Front 7

Cis Golgi

Back 7

Stacks closest to the ER, recieving

Front 8

Trans Golgi

Back 8

Closer to plasma membrane.
Vesicles containing finished protein move to destinations inside/outside cell

Front 9

Lysosome (animal, rare in plant)

Back 9

Contain hydrolytic enzymes with optimum pH 5 provided by pumping of H+, separated by membrane.
-Breaks down proteins, carbs, nuc. acids
-Degrades bacteria or damaged cells (WBC)
-Provide food for the cell

Front 10

Peroxisome

Back 10

Contains oxidative enzymes that catalyze reactions in which hydrogen peroxide s produced and degraded by CATALSE.
-Break down fats into small molecules for fuel
-Detoxify compounds like alcohol in liver

Front 11

Microtubules

Back 11

(Thickest) hollow rods made of TUBULIN protein, provide framework for organelle, flagella and cilia m ovement. Make up centrioles and spindle fibers involved in cell division.

Front 12

Microfilaments

Back 12

(Thinnest) solid rods made of ACTIN protein, muscle cell contraction, cell division cleavage furrow formation, cell motility (eg amoebas)

Front 13

Intermediate Filaments

Back 13

Fibrous protein, maintains integrity and support, cell shape

Front 14

Integral Proteins (Transmembrane)

Back 14

MEMBRANE PROTEIN: penetrate PM partially or completely. Some form a hydrophilic channel for ions and polar molecules to pass

Front 15

Peripheral Proteins

Back 15

MEMBRANE PROTEIN: attached to surface of membrane

Front 16

Glycocalyx

Back 16

Fuzzy coat made of sticky oligosaccharides

Front 17

Oligosaccaride

Back 17

(small chains of sugars), usually bonded to protein (glycoprotein) or sometimes bonded to lipids (glycolipid), serve as cell recognition--> vary from individual to individual

Front 18

Tight Junctions

Back 18

Forms seal that prevents leakage of extracellular fluid into the lumen (space), also better control of what enters/leaves tissue

Front 19

Gap Junctions

Back 19

Intercellular protein channels that permit free passage of ions and small molecules between cells

Front 20

Desmosomes

Back 20

localized patches that hold two cells tightly together, reinforced by keratin

Front 21

Plasmodesmata

Back 21

Bigger than gap junction, protein channels for intercellular transport between plant cells