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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name four animal characteristics
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1. eukaryotic
2. lack cell walls 3. multicellular 4. heterotrophs that ingest food |
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invertebrate
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No back bone
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vertebrate
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has a backbone
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sponge characteristics
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1. lack true tissues and organs
2. body consists of 2 layers of cells |
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sponge feeding
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filter bacteria and other food particles from water that passes through pores in the bodies
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sessile
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anchored in place. cant's run and hide
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cnidarian characteristics
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1. radial symmetry
2. tentacles with stinging cells |
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radial symmetry
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body parts arranged like a pie, divides into identical pieces
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cnidarian examples
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hydra, jellyfish, sea anemonies, and coral animals
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cnidocyte
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stinging cells
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nematocyst
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fine coiled tubule with a poisonous barb at the end
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polyp
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cylindrical body with tentacles radiating from one end (Ex: hydras)
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medusa
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umbrella shaped form with fringes of tentacles hanging down (Ex: jellyfish)
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bilateral symmetry
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mirror immage left and right parts
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flatworms (hint: planaria, blood fluke, tapeworms)
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1. incomplete (only one opening) digestive system
2. bilateral symmetry |
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roundworm (hint: hookworms, pinworms, threadworms, rotifers)
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1. complete digestive system (2 openings)
2. bilateral symmetry |
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annelid (hint: earthworms, leeches)
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1. segmented
2. closed circulatory system (blood is in vessels) |
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coelem
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fluid filled cavity lined with tissue
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acoelemate (hint: flatworm)
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no body cavity
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coelemate (hint: earthworm)
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has a coelem
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pseudocoetemate (hint: roundworm)
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fluid, no tissue
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mollusk
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1. all have a foot and a mantle (produces the shell)
2. have an open circulatory system |
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open circulatory system
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1. no vessels
2. organs bathed in blood |
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gastropod
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stomach foot
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bivalve
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two halves hinged
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cephalopods
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head and foot
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echinoderm
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1. no body segments
2. radial symmetry |
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endoskeleton
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internal skeleton
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cambrian explosion
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burst of animal life
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arthropod
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1. jointed legs
2. segmented bodies 3. exoskeletons 4. most numerous and most diverse animals on Earth |
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crustacean
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arthropod that lives in water
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arachnid
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8 legs
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chordate
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1. has a notochord, a flexible rod through the body
2. hollow nerve chord that becomes the brain and spinal chord 3. pharyngeal slits 4. a tail |
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invertebrate chordates
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includes tunicate and lancelets. Adults do not have a notochord, nerve chord, or tail.
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vertebrate chordates
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have a skull and a backbone that protect the brain and spinal chord. the backbone is made of bones called vertebrate. all have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton
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tetrapods
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means fourfooted
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cartilaginous fish
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flexible skeleton made up of cartilage
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bony fish
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fish that have skeletons made up of cartilage
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bony fish
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fish that have skeletons made of calcium hardened bone
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lateral line system
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sensory organs along sides of body. allows fish to detect vibrations and changes in water pressure
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operculum
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protective flap that covers the gills. movement of flap allows O2 to enter gills. sharks do not have this and must constantly swim
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swim bladder
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a gas filled sac that allows for control of buoyancy. allows fish to be motionless in the water.
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amphibian
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1. living a double life
2. go through metamorphisis 3. get oxygen through skin by diffusion and lungs |
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amniote
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1. amniotic egg (waterproof egg with shell)
2. internal fertilization 3. watertight skin 4. carotine |
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ectotherm
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gets heat from the environment
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endotherm
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get head from cell metabolism
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three groups of reptiles
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1. snakes and lizards
2. alligators and crocodiles (very complex brains) (more closely related to birds than lizards) 3. turtles |
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bird characteristics
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1. endothermal amniotes with adaptations for flight
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adaptations for flight (birds)
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1. feathers - modified scales made of carotin
2. bones - honeycombed structure that makes them strong but light 3. air sac - supply high levels of oxygen for ATP and make bird light so it can fly |
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bird origins
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fossil evidence shows birds are descendents of dinosaurs
(Archaeopteryx) |
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gizzard
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sac that contains small stones to grind seeds
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crop
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stores food temporarily
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bird heart
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has four chambers
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mammals
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1. mammary glands
2. hair |
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monotreme
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mammal that lays eggs and are only found in Australia (platypus and echidna)
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marsupial
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"pouched mammals". Embreyos are born before developed and finish developing in the pounch
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placental
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developed in the uterus. placenta provides nutrients and oxygen and removes waste products
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innate behavior
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behavior that is performed by all individuals of a species even without prior experience
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fixed action pattern
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innate behavior that happens as an unchangeable sequence of actions cannot be interrupted or changed. a FAP is triggered by a stimulus.
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circadium rhythmn
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25 hour biological clock. animals have repeated behavior patterns based on environmental factors.
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