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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flagellum
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locomotion organelle present in some animal cells & bacteria; composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane.
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Central Vacuole
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prominent organelle in older plant cells; function include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
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Centrosome
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region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles (function unknown)
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Cytoskeleton
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reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement, components are made of protein. Includes: microfilaments, intermediate filatments, microtubules
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Microvilli
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projections that increase the cell's surface area
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Chloroplast
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photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
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Plasmodesmata
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channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
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Cell Wall
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outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein. (also in prokaryotic cells)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded; RER) and smooth regions (SER)
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Nuclear Envelope
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double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER
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Nucleolus
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structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
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Chromatin
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material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
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Peroxisome
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organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water.
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Mitochondrion
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organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
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Lysosome
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digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
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Golgi Apparatus
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organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
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Ribosomes
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complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope. (also in prokaryotic cells)
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Plasma Membrane
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membrane enclosing the cell. (also in prokaryotic cells)
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Fimbriae
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attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes
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Nucleoid
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region in prokaryotic cell where the cell's DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane)
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