Biology

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

Process of Change that has transformed life on Earth

Front 2

Properties of Life

Back 2

1. Order-Highly Ordered Structure
2. Regulation(ex: Temperature)
3. Energy Processing(Chemical Energy)
4. Evolutionary Adaptation(Camoflage)
5.Growth and Development
6.Response to Environment
7.Reproduction

Front 3

Emergent Properties

Back 3

Arrangements and parts work together to do a job and the job may not work without all the parts

Front 4

Reductionism

Back 4

reduction of complex systems to simpler components

Front 5

Systems Biology

Back 5

construct models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems

Front 6

Flow of energy

Back 6

Sun->Producer->Consumer->

chemical energy transforms into sugar(Kinetic) energy converts to thermal energy and gives off heat

Front 7

bioinfomatics

Back 7

use of computational tools to store,organize, and analyze huge volumes of data

Front 8

negative feedback vs Positive feedback

Back 8

negative feedback slows the process

Positive feedback speeds up process

Front 9

The origin of Species main idea

Back 9

1.Evidence to support that contemporary species arose from a succession of ancestors(Descent with modification)

2.Mechanism for descent with modification is natural selection

Front 10

Discovery Science

Back 10

describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through observation

Front 11

Inductive reasoning vs deductive reasoning

Back 11

Inductive: generalizations from specific observations. "All organisms are made of cells"

Deductive:general to specific. "All living organisms are made of cells and humans are living so humans must have cells"

Front 12

Controlled experiment

Back 12

compare experimental with control group

Front 13

Dalton

Back 13

The same thing as an amu.

Front 14

atomic mass

Back 14

total mass

Front 15

energy

Back 15

capacity to cause change

Front 16

potential energy

Back 16

energy possessed because of location and structure

Front 17

orbital

Back 17

three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.

2 electrons per orbital

Front 18

Electronegativity

Back 18

attraction of atom for electrons of a covalent bond

Front 19

non polar covalent bond

Back 19

electrons shared equally

Front 20

polar covalent bond

Back 20

vary in polarity. ex O is very electronegative and attracts shared electrons more than hydrogen does.

Front 21

hydrogen bond

Back 21

hydrogen covalently bonds to one electronegative atom and is also attracted to another electronegative atom.

Front 22

Van der Waals

Back 22

weak-atoms are close together.

Front 23

Polar molecule

Back 23

both ends have opposite charges

Front 24

Cohesion Vs Adhesion

Back 24

Cohesion-hydrogen bonds hold substance together

Adhesion-clinging of one substance to another

Front 25

surface tension

Back 25

measure of how difficult it is to break surface of liquid

Front 26

Water can moderate temp by absorbing warm air and releasing to cooler air

Back 26

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a molecule

Front 27

Calorie is amount of heat to raise 1 g to 1 degree C

Back 27

Water has a high specific heat and resists changing due to hydrogen bond.

Hydrogen bonds also cause water to expand as it freezes

Front 28

hydration shell

Back 28

sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

Front 29

hydrophilic vs hydrophobic

Back 29

hydrophilic loves water, don't have to dissolve. ex colloid-suspension of particles in a liquid.

hydrophobic fears water. ex oil. Do not dissolve with water etc.

Front 30

hydrocarbons

Back 30

organic molecules consisting of c and h

Front 31

isomers

Back 31

different structures of a compound

Front 32

Structural isomers

Back 32

differ in covalent arrangement

Front 33

Geometric isomers

Back 33

same covalent partnerships but differ in spatial arrangement.

Front 34

Enantiomers

Back 34

isomers that are mirror images of each other

Front 35

dehydration reaction vs hydrolysis

Back 35

monomers covalently bonded through loss of water molecule-dehydration reaction

hydrolysis-disassembled

Front 36

Carbohydrates

Back 36

Simplest are monosaccarides

Disaccharide-two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage

Polysacchardes-starch(polymer of glucose monomers)

Glycogen-hydrolysis releases glucose when demand for sugar increases

Cellulose-Plant Cell Wall

Front 37

Lipids

Back 37

hydrophobic
Fat-glycerol, fatty acids

Front 38

Saturated Fatty acid vs unsaturated fatty acid

Back 38

Saturated Fatty Acid- saturated with hydrogen

Unsaturated-one or more double bonds from removal of H from carbon skeleton

Front 39

Phospholipids

Back 39

Cell Membranes

Front 40

Triacylglycerol

Back 40

three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule

Front 41

Polypeptides

Amino Acids

Back 41

Polymers of amino acids

organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups

Front 42

peptide bond

Back 42

carboxyl + amino group

Front 43

Primary structure

Back 43

sequence of amino acids

Front 44

Secondary structure

Back 44

folds in patterns - hydrogen bonds

alpha helix-delicate coil held by hydrogen bonds every fourth amino acid

beta pleated sheets-two or more regions connected by hydrogen bonds

Front 45

Tertiary Structure

Back 45

overall shape from interaction with R groups

disulfide bridges-two monomers are brought together with by folding of protein

Front 46

Quaternary structure

Back 46

overall structure

Front 47

Denaturation

Back 47

protein unravel change shape