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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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experiment
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a step you would take to test a hypothesis by the process of collecting data under controlled conditions
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heredity
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passing on of characteristics from parents to their offspring
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trait
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a characteristic that is inherited (dominant or recessive)
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genetics
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branch of biology that studies heredity
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gametes
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sex cells from both male and female; sperm and egg
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fertilization
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the fusion of male and female gametes
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zygote
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a diploid cell that is formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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pollination
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it goes from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs in plants. it usually happens within the same species
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hybrid
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offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait
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allele
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alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
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dominant
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observed trait of an organism that MASKS the recessive of a trait
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recessive
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trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
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law of segregation
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Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce for combination of alleles
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phenotype
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it is the appearance of an organism regardless of its genes
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genotype
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it is the combination of genes in an organism
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homozygous
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when there are two identical alleles for a trait
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heterozygous
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when there are two different alleles for a trait
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laws of independent assortment
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Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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mitosis
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the orderly process of nuclear division in which 2 new daughter cells each receive a complete set of chromosomes (p. 204)
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diploid
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it is a cell with each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes
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haploid
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cell with one of each kind of chromosomes; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes
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homologous chromosomes
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paired chromosomes w/ genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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meiosis
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type of cell devision where one body cell produces 4 gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as parent's body cell
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sperm
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haploid male sex cell which is produced by meiosis
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egg
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haploid female sex cell which is produced by meiosis
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sexual reproduction
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it is a pattern of reproduction that includes the production and subsequent fusion fusion of haploid sex cells
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crossing over
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it is when the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase one of meiosis: results in new allele combinations
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genetic recombination
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major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by ressortment or crossing over during meiosis
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nondisjuntion
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failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes w/ too many or tow few chromosomes
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