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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vaccine
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Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens
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Virulent
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Referring to the deadliness of a disease-causing agent
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Transformation
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The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another
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Bacteriophage
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Virus that infects bacteria
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Double Helix
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Spiral-staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule
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Nucleotide
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Subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
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Deoxyribose
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Five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
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Base-pairing rules
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The rule stating that in DNA adenine on one strand always pairs with a thymine on the opposite side
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Complementary
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Characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other
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DNA replecation
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The process of making a copy of DNA
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DNA helicase
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Enzyme that breaks the hydrogent bonds between bases during DNA replecation
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Replication fork
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A y-shaped point that results when a double helix of DNA separates so that it can be copied
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DNA polymerase
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Enzyme that catalyzes the replication ff DNA by adding complementary nucleiotides
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Ribonucleac acid
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A type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis
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Uracil
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Nitrogen-containing base of RNA
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Transcription
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Stage of protein synthesis in which the information in DNA for making a protein is transferred to an RNA molecule
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Translation
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Stage of gene expression in which the information in mRNA is used to make protein
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Gene expression
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Two-stage processing of information encoded in DNA to produce proteins
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RNA polymerase
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Enzyme that adds and links complementary RNA nucleiotides during transcription
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Messenger RNA
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RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for the making of a protein during translation
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Codon
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A three-nucleiotide sequence in DNA or mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a sop signal
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Gentetic Code
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Sequence of nuleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
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Transfer RNA
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RNA molecule that temporarily carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome during translation
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Anticodon
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A three-nucleiotide sequenc eon tRNA that recognizes a complementary codon on mRNA
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Ribosomal RNA
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Type of RNA molecule that plays a structural role in ribosomes
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Operator
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Region of DNA that controls RNA polymerase's access to a set of genes with related functions
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Operon
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Segment of DNA tat controls gene regulation in a set of genes with related functions in prokaryotes
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Lac operon
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Gene system with a promoter, an operater gene, and three structural genes that control lactose metabolism
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Repressor
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Protein that bindsto the operatorin an operon o switch off transcription
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intron
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Segement of mRNA transcribed from Eukaryotic DNA but removed before translation of mRNA into a protein
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exon
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Sequence of Nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated
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point mutation
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Mutation in which one or just a few nucleotides in a gene are changed
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