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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Ecology
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Study of how organisms relate to one another and their environments
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Define abiotic.
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Environmental conditions that are not alive, such as temperature,H2O, soil, sunlight, eind, pH
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Define homeostatis.
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The state of living according to the internal needs of the body regardless of the environment.
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Define conformer.
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Organisms that conform to their environment.
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Define endotherm.
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Organisms that maintain constant internal temp.
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List 2 morphological or behavioral changes animals do to regulate internal temp.
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1. minimize energy expediture
2. alter fat levels |
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Define population.
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Groups of individuals of the same species in one place.
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Define population range.
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Area where population resides.
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Describe 3 patterns of spacing between populations.
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Random - not common
Uniform - behavioral interact. Clumped - common |
RUC
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Define metapopulation.
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Genetically defined population that are spatially divided.
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Give 2 reasons why metapops may be at an advantage over a simple pop.
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metapops prevent long term extinction and fill in areas
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Define demography
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the quantitative study of populations
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Define generation time
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Avg. interval between birth of an individual and its offspring's birth.
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Define lifespan.
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Short generation time = fast pop. growth and short lifespan... the length of the life.
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Define age structure
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# of individuals in a different age group
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Define cohort
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group of individuals of the same age
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Define fecundity
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number of offspring produced in a standard time
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Define mortality
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death rate
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Define survivorship
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% of an original pop that survives to a given age
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What is a survivorship curve?
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expresses aspects of age distribution
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Define life history
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Complete life cycle of an organism
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T/F: Natural selection favors life history that maximizes lifetime reproductive success?
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True
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Which is better: repro of large offspring producing a small amount of babies or, repro of small offspring producing a large amt of babies?
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Large offspring producing a small amount of babies
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What is the diff between exponential and logistic growth?
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The exp. growth curve refers to pop. with no growth limits. The logistic curve applies to pop that approach their carrying capacity (stabilize).
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define density-dependent effects.
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factors that affect population and depend on pop. size.
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define density-independent effects.
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something that is unrelated to the population size but affects pop. growth.
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what is negative feedback when pop. size increases?
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repro. rates decline and/or mortality rates increase
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define the Alee effect?
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growth rates increase with pop. size (also: positive effect)
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define k-selected pops.
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when pop is near its carrying capacity it thrives
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define r-selected pops.
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selection favors individuals with highest repro rates.
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what is the lifespan of k-selected pops?
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long
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what is the mortality rate of k-selected pops?
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low
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what is the size of offspring of k-selected pops?
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large
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do k-selected pops have a lot or a few offspring?
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few
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do k-selected pops start breeding early or late in life?
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late
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humans grow exponentially or logistically?
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expo.
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are humans k or r-selected pops?
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k
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what is a pop. pyramid?
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the rate at which a pop. can be expected to grow in the future
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what is an ecological footprint?
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amt. of productive land required to support an individual throughout lifespan
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