Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 5 qualities of Life?
|
Organization
Energy Use Homeostasis Reproduction Evolution |
|
|
What is the smallest unit of Matter?
|
Atom
|
|
|
What is the smallest unit of life?
|
Cell
|
|
|
Why do living things need energy?
|
Energy maintains organization, without it, things fall apart.
|
|
|
How do organisms respond to change in the environment?
|
persist
change die out |
|
|
What does science study?
|
The natural world.
|
|
|
What are 3 characteristics of science?
|
observable
measurable repeatable |
|
|
What is the basic structure of the atom?
|
protons and neutrons inside a nucleus, electrons outside in orbitals
|
|
|
What is the maximum number of electrons in the orbital closest to the nucleus?
|
2
|
|
|
What is the maximum number of electrons in the orbital farthest from the nucleus?
|
8
|
|
|
What does the "2" tell us about CO2?
|
There are two oxygen molecules
|
|
|
What does the "6" tell us about 6H2O?
|
There are 6 molecules of water
|
|
|
What is the strongest type of chemical bond?
|
Covalent
|
|
|
What is the average water content of our cells?
|
75%
|
|
|
What are the properties of water?
|
hydrogen bonding, solvent, heat capacity, freezez top to bottom (ice floats)
|
|
|
Describe the pH scale. What is the significance of 3? 7? 10?
|
measurement of how acidic or basic a substance is. From 1-14
1-acidic 14-basic 7-neutral 3= acidic like soda 10= basic like soap |
|
|
What path does food follow as it goes through the digestive system?
|
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus (elimination)
|
|
|
Name two accessory organs to digestion and their functions.
|
Liver - produces bile and breaks down fat
Pancreas - produces digestive enzymes |
|
|
What forms the backbone of organic molecules?
|
Carbon
|
|
|
Name the four groups of organic molecules.
|
Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid |
|
|
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
|
C6H12O6
|
|
|
Give an example of a monosaccharide and a disaccharide.
|
mono= glucose, fructose
di= sucrose, lactose |
|
|
What are two polysaccharides that we can digest?
|
starch, glycogen
|
|
|
What can happen if you change the shape of a protein?
|
destroy it's function
|
|
|
How do DNA and RNA differ from each other?
|
DNA is genetic material
RNA enables DNA info to be expressed |
|
|
Which 4 nitrogenous bases are found in DNA? RNA?
|
DNA= adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
RNA= guanine, adenine, cytosine, uracil |
|
|
What piece of equipment was necessary for studying cell biology?
|
microscope
|
|
|
How many centimeters are in a meter?
|
100cm = 1m
|
|
|
How many milimeters are in a meter?
|
1000mm = 1m
|
|
|
How many micrometers are in a milimeter?
|
1000um = 1mm
|
|
|
How does the surgace area to volume ratio compare between smaller and larger organisms?
|
as cell grows volume increases more rapidly than surface area.
|
|
|
What parts are common to all cell types?
|
cell membrane
ribosomes cytoplasm proteins RNA DNA |
|
|
What are the two basic cell types?
|
prokaryotes
eukaryotes |
|
|
How big is a prokaryote?
|
1-10 micrometers
|
|
|
How big is a eukaryote?
|
10-100 micrometers
|
|
|
What is the purpose of organelles?
|
compartmentalize cell activities, separate chemical reactions, increase efficiency, can become multicellular
|
|
|
Name 3 organelles of the endomembrane system.
|
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus lysosomes |
|
|
How do rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ from each other?
|
Rough has ribosomes, protein synthesis, protein modification
Smooth lacks ribosomes, lipid synthesis, detoxifies drugs and poisons. |
|
|
What are the 3 functions of the Golgi Apparatus?
|
modifies proteins and lipids
completes protein folding packages material for export |
|
|
What are 4 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiont theory?
|
double membrane = cell contained in a vacuoule
size of organelles same as prokaryotes contain circular DNA ribosomes same size as prokaryotic ones |
|
|
What are 3 types of cellular work?
|
chemical
transport mechanical |
|
|
What are 5 forms of energy?
|
mechanical
electrical chemical light heat |
|
|
What is the major form of energy loss?
|
heat
|
|
|
How does ATP store and release energy?
|
Energy released when PO4 bond is broken, takes energy to put back together.
|
|
|
How do enzymes affect the energy of a reaction?
|
They reduce the amount of effort to activate (decrease activation energy)
|
|
|
What are 3 things that can affect enzyme activities?
|
temperature
pH inhibition |
|
|
How can enzyme activity be regulated?
|
with negative feedback
|
|
|
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
|
phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins.
|
|
|
How are the Golgi apparatus and the cell membrane the same?
|
made up of phospholipid bilayer
|
|
|
What are two functions of the membrane proteins?
|
move substances across membrance, establish "self"
|
|
|
What are two processes to move substances across membranes that do NOT require energy?
|
Diffusion and Osmosis
|
|
|
What are two processes to move substances across membranes that DO require energy?
|
active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis
|
|
|
Name two molecules that move across the membrane by diffusion?
|
O2
CO2 |
|
|
What is an example of a compound that moves across by facilitated diffusion?
|
glucose
|
|
|
What is an example of active transport?
|
sodium-potassium pump
ions NA+ K+ Cl- |
|
|
Why are the levels of sodium and potassium ions importatnt to cells?
|
must be at proper levels to maintain proper fluid balance
|
|
|
How does exocytosis proceed? Endocytosis?
|
out of cell (exo) (packages bind with membrane then expell outward)
into cell (endo) (tricks the membrane into forming around it and pulling it in) |
