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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a gene? |
A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein |
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What is protein synthesis? |
Process of making proteins |
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What is the function/importance of protein in cells |
Structural or functional purposes, control most cell activities |
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How does the process of translation happen? Where does it occur? |
RNA polyermase unzips one gene and copies the sequence of nucleotides to make a strand of mRNA; nucleus |
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What are the different types of mutations? |
Substitution, frameshift |
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What are embryonic stem cells? what is their role in cell differentiation? |
Cells that have the potential to differentiate into any type of body cell. They are the first cells present at the beginning of the process of differentiation. |
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What are somatic stem cells? What is their role in cell differentiation? |
Partially differentiated cells found in body tissues. They can become some types of stem cells and are important for tissue function. |
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What are transcription factors? How doo they affect gene expression? |
Proteins that turn genes on/off by binding to a gene. |
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What is the process of meosis? Why is it important? |
Cell division that creates 4 genetically different haploid gametes. It is important because it creates gametes, genetic variation, annd keeps the chromosome number the same from generation to generation. |
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What is the difference between diploid and haploid? Somatic cells and gametes? |
Diplod: two sets of chromosomes Haploid: one set of chromosomes Somatic: diploid Gametes: haploid |
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What are the major events throughout meiosis? |
Meiosis 1: DNA rep in interphase, crossing over & independent assortment, homologous chromosomes seperated and cytokenisis occurs. Meiosis 2: chromatids seperated and cytokenisis occurs |
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How does meiosis produce genetic variation? |
Through independent assortment and crossing over |
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What is crossing over and how does it occur? |
Occurs when homologous pairs swap genetic info. Occurs due to physical swapping pieces of chromosomes |
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What are antibiotics |
Chemicals that kill bacterial cells. |
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What is lateral gene transfer? |
Bacteria can transfer genes through their plasmids from one bacterium to another |
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What is environmental pressure? |
Environmental changes that may affect the survivability of certain individuals |
