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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT ARE PROTEINS MADE OUT OF? |
AMINO ACIDS |
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WHAT DISEASES WILL MALNOURISHED PEOPLE SUFFER FROM? |
DEFICIENCY DISEASES (mainly lack of vitamins and minerals) |
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PATHOGENS PRODUCE __________________. |
TOXINS |
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NAME ALL 7 COMPONENTS OF A HEALTHY DIET and their FUNCTIONS.
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Proteins- (growth and repair of cells), Carbohydrates- (slow release of energy), fibre- (prevent constipation), vitamins and minerals(- maintain healthy bodily functions), fats-( store energy), water- (all chemical reactions take place in a watery environment). |
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HOW DO VIRUSES DAMAGE CELLS?
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VIRUSES REPRODUCE INSIDE CELLS. |
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PATHOGENS CAUSE WHAT?
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES. |
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Name an antibiotic. |
Penicillin. |
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What is the difference between painkillers and antibiotics? |
Painkillers relieve the symptoms of a disease but do not kill the pathogen. |
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What does culture mean? |
To grow microorganisms |
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What can a culture of microorganisms be used for? |
A culture of microorganisms can be used to find the effect of antibiotics and disinfectant on bacteria. |
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where can contamination come from? |
your skin, air, soil, or water. |
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what is a liquid/gel containing nutrients called? |
Agar jelly (inside petri dish) or a culture medium |
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Name the four things a culture medium/ agar jelly contains. |
Chemicals, Carbohydrates, Nutrients and minerals. |
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Cultures work best at 37 degrees, so why do school laboratories incubate them at 25 degrees? |
There is a higher risk of producing pathogens at 37 degrees. |
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In what conditions do microorganisms grow best? |
In agar jelly, in Warmth, and in oxygen (don't get this confused with air- they will no longer be pure in air) |
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How do you culture microorganisms safely? |
Sterilise inoculating loop (loop is used to transfer microorganisms to the agar) by heating on bunsen burner. Let cool. Dip the sterilised loop in the bacteria you want to grow, make zigzag streaks with the loop across the surface of the agar. Place lid on petri dish quickly. Seal petri dish with tape (to prevent microorganisms from air getting in or microbes inside dish escaping). do not seal all the way around dish so oxygen can get in and no harmful anerobic bacteria grow. |
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what happens to the body when pathogens mutate? |
The mutated pathogen becomes immune to the antibiotics and the person cannot fight off the disease. |
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What is an epidemic? |
When a disease spreads throughout a country. |
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What is a pandemic? |
A disease that spreads across countries. |
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Name an Anti-biotic resistant bacteria |
MRSA- 'super bug' |
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What happens to bacteria that is resistant, and what is it called? |
Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce and a whole population of resistant strain develops. This is called natural selection. |
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What does a vaccine contain? |
Dead or inactive forms of a pathogen are used to make a vaccine. Vaccines can be injected into the body. |
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how do white blood cells respond to vaccines? |
white blood cells react by producing antibodies. |
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what is it called when someone is no longer susceptible to the virus? |
immune |
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what is the protein structure on a pathogen called? |
ANTIGEN |
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Which vaccine prevents measles, mumps, and rubella? |
MMR VACCINATION/ IMMUNISATION |
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what is meant by vaccination? |
A vaccination is an injection. Vaccines contain dead or inactive pathogens. The white blood cells in your body start to produce antibodies that learn to counteract the antigen (protein structure) of the pathogen. Once the white blood cells recognise the antigen, (if the person catches the disease/virus in the future,) they will now be immune because the white blood cells can recognise the pathogen's antigens and rapidly reproduce the right antibodies to counteract the toxin. |
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Are large or small amounts of vaccine injected? |
small |
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what are the 'pros' of vaccinations and antibiotics? |
Vaccination protects individuals and society from the effects of disease. Immunity has increased. Treatment of disease has changed our understanding of antibiotics. diseases such as measles can lead to long-term damage to the body, such as deafness and occasionally death. antibiotics kill bacteria and relieve symptoms of illnesses. |
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what are the 'cons' of vaccinations and antibiotics? |
some vaccines cause side effects which may be mild or serious. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of new strains of bacteria/ a bacteria may mutate and become immune to the antibiotic. doctors do not prescribe antibiotics for mild infections such as minor sore throats. Antibiotics cannot destroy viruses/pathogens. |
