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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele |
One of a number of different forms of a gene |
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Gamete |
Sex cell |
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Genetics |
Scientific study of heredity |
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Genotype |
Genetic makeup of an organism |
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Heterozygous |
Having two different alleles for a particular gene. |
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Homozygous |
Having two identicle alleles for a particular gene. |
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Phenotype |
Physical characteristics of an organism |
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Principle of dominance |
Mendel's second conclusion which state that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive |
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Independent Assortment |
One of mendel's principles that states that genes for a different traits can segregate independent during formation of gamete |
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Segregation |
Seperation of alleles during gamete formation |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
The molecule that carries genetic information in all living systems |
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Chromosome |
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
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Chromatid |
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA. |
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Centromere |
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division |
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Transformation |
The genetic alteration of a bacterial cellresulting from the transfer of foreign DNA. |
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Bacteriophage |
The kind of bacteria that infects other bacteria |
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Base Pairing |
The pairings in DNA A,T,G,C |
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Replication |
The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA. |
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DNA polymerase |
An enzyme assisting in DNA replication |
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Telomere |
Either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome |
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Messenger RNA |
A type of RNA that carries the code or chemical blueprint for a specific protein |
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Transfer RNA |
A type of RNA involved in protein synthesis, mainly transporting specific amino acid to the ribosome to be added onto the nascent polypeptide chain |
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Transcription |
making a copy ofgenetic information stored in a DNA strand |
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Promoter |
The region of an operon that acts as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase |
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Codon |
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
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Translation |
the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. |
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Anti Codon |
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
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Polypeptide |
A chain of amino acids |
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Intron |
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes. |
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Exon |
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence. |
