Biology

Front 1

ecosystem

Back 1

compilation of biotic and abiotic factors

Front 2

biotic factors

Back 2

everything living or dead

Front 3

abiotic factors

Back 3

non living . weather, rocks, water, sun

Front 4

primary productivity

Back 4

rate that solar energy is converted to chemical energy= photosynthesis

Front 5

producers

Back 5

autotrophs (only 1% of sun is converted to chemical energy)

Front 6

consumers

Back 6

only 10% of that 1% is converted into usable energy (and every level above that.. 10 of 10%.. )

Front 7

bioremediation

Back 7

use of living organisms to remove harmful compounds from environment.
ex. running water thru cattails(marsh) instead of filters

Front 8

bioaugmentation

Back 8

use of living organisms to add something to the environment
ex. farmers adding bacteria to get .. somethin.. out of environment

Front 9

Green House Gases

Back 9

water, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, fluorocarbons, carbon dioxide

Front 10

acid rain

Back 10

abnormally high pH in the rain.
when mixed with water, carbon oxides/nitrogen oxides/and sulfer oxides form acids

Front 11

Bioaccumulation:
bioconcentration

Back 11

increase in concentration of some pollutant compound

Front 12

Bioaccumulation:
biomagnifcation

Back 12

one step further than bioconcentration,
increase in concentration of some pollutant compound AS IT moves through the food chain.
ex. DDT in mosquitoes

Front 13

Whats in the atmosphere?

Back 13

nitrogen
oxygen
argon
carbon dioxide
other..

Front 14

Biogeochemical Cycles

Back 14

driven by the sun

Front 15

Name the Biogeochemical cycles

Back 15

hydrologic cycle
carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
phosphorus cycle

Front 16

Homogeneous substance

Back 16

uniform composition (koolaid=sugar&water)

Front 17

Heterogeneous substance

Back 17

nonuniform composition
(water & oil)

Front 18

solvent

Back 18

component of greater quantity
ex. water

Front 19

solute

Back 19

component of lesser quantity
ex. sugar

Front 20

ernest rutherford

Back 20

discovered the proton

Front 21

J.J. Thompson

Back 21

discovered the electron

Front 22

Atomic number

Back 22

number of protons.
that number never changes in an element or it changes the element altogether

Front 23

Atomic mass =

Back 23

number of protons + number of neutrons

Front 24

Dimitri Mendeleev

Back 24

periodic table

Front 25

ion

Back 25

one element with a charge (whether it be neg. or pos)

Front 26

isotope

Back 26

when you change the # of neutrons (changes the atomic weight)

Front 27

phases of the elements on the periodic table:
letters are colored in
BLUE
RED

Back 27

Blue= liquid
red= gas

Front 28

allotrope

Back 28

2 or more forms of the same element

solid carbon
-diamon
-graphite

Front 29

ionic bonding

Back 29

when you gain or lose an electron

Front 30

Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen

Back 30

Strongest
Moderate
Weakest
bonds

Front 31

cations

Back 31

lost electrons (positive charge)

Front 32

anions

Back 32

gain electrons (neg charge)

Front 33

covalent bonds

Back 33

sharing pairs of electrons

Front 34

condensation OR dehydration synthesis

Back 34

a water is made and the monomers get togetha
ex. water in a cup
water in the shower

Front 35

hydrolysis

Back 35

water breaks apart and goes to different monomers

Front 36

inorganic chemistry

Back 36

non carbon

Front 37

characteristics of water

Back 37

polar
cohesive
resists temp change
evaporation
freezing

Front 38

pH values
0-7

Back 38

acidic

Front 39

pH values
7

Back 39

neutral

Front 40

pH values
7-14

Back 40

basic

Front 41

monosaccharides

Back 41

glucose
galactose
fructose
ribose

Front 42

disaccharides

Back 42

two monosaccharides together

ex. sucrose
put a glucose & fructose together

Front 43

polysaccharides

Back 43

many monosaccharides
ex. starch
cellulose
chitin

Front 44

lipids

Back 44

do NOT have mono/poly thing
greasy/oily
not soluble in water
twice the energy of a carb

Front 45

examples of lipids

Back 45

glycerides
fatty acids
(saturated and unsaturated)
phosolipids
nonfatty acids
(steroids, waxes)

Front 46

phosolipids are..

Back 46

lipids

Front 47

the head of a phospholipid is..

Back 47

hydrophilic (likes water)

Front 48

the tail of a phospholipid is..

Back 48

hydrophobic (doesn't like water)

Front 49

protein

Back 49

active molecules that do stuff
specific shape & purpose
*THEIR SHAPE IS MOST IMPORTANT

Front 50

monomers of proteins

Back 50

amino acids

Front 51

polymers of proteins

Back 51

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. further down the list, more complex

Front 52

enzymatic proteins

Back 52

specific kinds of proteins (speed up chemical reactions)

Front 53

Purines

Back 53

adenine & guanine

Front 54

Pyrimidines

Back 54

cytosine & thymine

Front 55

What kind of bond is between DNA nucleotides?

Back 55

hydrogen bonds
2 between A and T
3 between G and C

Front 56

DNA is a..

Back 56

double stranded helix
five carbon sugar

Front 57

RNA is a..

Back 57

single stranded
five-carbon sugar

Front 58

Nitrogen Bases in RNA : Purines

Back 58

A and G
2 Rings

Front 59

Nitrogen Bases in RNA: Pyrimidines

Back 59

1 Ring
C & U

Front 60

Robert Hooke

Back 60

coined term "cell"

Front 61

Which domains are prokayrotic

Back 61

archaea & bacteria

Front 62

non-membrane bound organelles

Back 62

ribosomes & microtubules cytoskeleton & centrioles

Front 63

plasma membrane

Back 63

all living cells have one

Front 64

prokaryotic cells are generally

Back 64

small

Front 65

prokaryotic cells have circular..
there is one ..

Back 65

DNA

chromosome

Front 66

membrane bound organelles in eukaryotic cells

Back 66

mitochondrion
golgi apparatus

Front 67

Which kingdoms have rigid cell walls?

Back 67

plants, fungi&lichens, slime molds

Front 68

DNA in eukaryotic cells

Back 68

NOT circular
generally have multiple chromosomes

Front 69

cell walls are made up of

Back 69

polysaccharides:
cellulose
microfibrils
chitin

Front 70

plasma membranes are in ..

Back 70

every known cell

Front 71

passive transport with out the aide of a protein

Back 71

simple diffusion

Front 72

passive transport with the aide of a protein

Back 72

facilitated diffusion

Front 73

passive transport

Back 73

spontaneous movement of particles across the biological membrane with a concentrated gradient with out aide of ATP

Front 74

active transport

Back 74

movement of particles across biological membrane AGAINST concentration gradient, AIDED by transport protein AND ATP

Front 75

hypertonic

Back 75

more solute

Front 76

isotonic

Back 76

same solute

Front 77

hypotonic

Back 77

less solute

Front 78

exocytosis

Back 78

taking OUT food from cell

Front 79

endocytosis

Back 79

bRINGING in food to the cell

Front 80

pinocytosis

Back 80

"to drink" cell drinking

Front 81

DOUBLE membrane bound organelles

Back 81

nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts

Front 82

Cristae

Back 82

folded parts of inner membrane of mitochondria

Front 83

grana

Back 83

stacks of thylakoids (in chloroplasts)

Front 84

thylakoids

Back 84

where photosynthesis takes place
(chloraphil inside here)

Front 85

SINGLE membrane bound organelles

Back 85

ER (smooth & rough)
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
peroxisomes
glyoxysomes
vacuoles

Front 86

smooth ER responsible for making..

Back 86

LiPiDs... (Synthesis, secretion, storage)

Front 87

Rough ER makes..

Back 87

PROTEINS
Synthesis
Secretion
Storage

Front 88

Golgi Apparatus makes..

Back 88

CARBS
Synthesis
Secretion
Storage

Front 89

Reduction

Back 89

gaining electrons

Front 90

Oxidation

Back 90

losing electrons