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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Population |
Refers to the number of individuals that belong to the species that live in a specific area in a given period of time |
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Open population |
Populations in which immigrant and emigrant occur no physical barrier that restricts movement |
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Population dynamic |
Studying the fluctuations in population size due to environmental changes and behaviour of organisms |
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Individual |
Single member or organism of a population |
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Community |
The interaction of different populations living together in an area |
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Species |
The first organisms having similar characteristics that share a common ancestor and are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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Population parameter |
Factor that affects the size of the population |
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Population density |
The number of individuals per unit area in a specific population |
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Effects of population parameters |
It influences the size of the population due to the changes in season or do to annual changes |
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Population growth patterns |
Graphical representations that illustrate the changes in population sizes due to factors in the environment |
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Lag phase |
Initial growth is slow and the rate of reproduction is low. Few individuals acclimatizing to the environment ecosystems are developing and becoming more complex to support more individuals |
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Accelerated growth phase |
The rate of growth is exponential and birth rate is significantly higher than death rate. Population increases rapidly over short period of time. More mature and reproductively capable individuals acclimatization to environment is optimum, abundance of resources for higher survival rate, and low environmental resistance. |
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Decelerated growth phase |
Rate of birth decreases gradually. Rate of death increases marginally. Increase in environmental resistance. Increase in predation, competition, disease and decrease in resources. Population approaches the areas carrying capacity. |
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Equilibrium or stationery phase |
Death rate is equal to the birth rate, population remains constant or fluctuates around the carrying capacity. Population reaches areas carrying capacity and environmental resistance is optimal |
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Extinction or death rate |
Rapid decrease in population size and mortality is higher than natality. Carrying capacity is exceeded, resources not available, spread of disease, competition and predation is extremely high. Environment can no longer support the population |
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Population regulating factors |
The factors that affect the rate of population growth and the size of the population. The factors are either biotic or abiotic and these factors can also be classified into two categories: density dependent factors and density independent factors |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum number of individuals in a population that can be supported in an environment |
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Environmental resistance |
Factors that limit the population growth rate after exceeding carrying capacity |
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Density dependent factors |
Factors affecting the size of the population due to the number of individuals per unit area being High |
Spread of disease , build up of waste or toxic material. |
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Density independent factors |
Factors affecting the size of the population regardless of the number of individuals per unit area |
Natural disasters |
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Competition |
Any interaction between different species or individuals were they compare or fight over limited resources |
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Interspecific competition |
Competition between different species for limited resources |
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Intraspecific competition |
Competition within individuals belonging to the same species or similar shared resources |
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Resource partitioning |
The sharing or utilisation of resources in a habitat but different species, so that the competition is reduced and the coexistence is supported. This increases the opportunities of survival. |
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Spatial resource partitioning |
Different species feeding utilising different areas within the same habitat |
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Temporal resource partitioning |
Different species coexisting in environment or habitat and utilising resources at different times of the day |
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Morphological resource partitioning |
Differences in morphology of body parts that allow organisms to share resources |
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Competitive exclusion |
The competition between individuals of different species for similar resources that results in the dominant species out competing the other species. This leads to other increased mortality or increased emigration. |
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Food chain |
An illustration that shows the unidirectional flow of energy from producers to more complex consumers |
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Food web |
An illustration that shows the interaction between several food chains and how organisms are interdependent on various other organisms in an ecosystem |
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Prey |
An organism that is hunted and killed by a Predator for a source of food |
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Predator |
An organism that Hunts and kills other organisms that serve as a source of food |
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Social organisation |
The roles and functions that individuals in an organisation or Colony play, that increases the changes of survival or the success of the population. |
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Habitat |
The natural area where an organism lives, feed and reproduces |
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Ecological niche |
Functional role the organism plays in its community, including its habitat as well as the interactions with other organisms |
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Primary ecological succession |
Begins a new habitat, on influenced by pre-existing communities |
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Secondary succession |
Follows disruption of a pre-existing community |
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Pioneers |
The organisms that initially live in an area and established the fertility of the ecosystem |
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Climax species |
The most complex and well adapted species inhabiting an ecosystem at that point in time |
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Seres |
Stages of succession from Pioneer to climax species |
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