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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In eukaryotic cells, ________ & __________ are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work.
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mitochondria and chloroplasts
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What is cellular respiration?
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the metabolic process that generates ATP by extrancting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels with the help of oxygen.
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Which uses cellular respiration, mitochondria or chloroplasts?
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mitochondria
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Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the sites of ___________.
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photosynthesis
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Plants convert ________ energy to _______ energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive synthesis of organic compounds such as ______ from ___________ and water.
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solar, chemical, sugar, carbon dioxide
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True or False: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are part of the endomembrane system in a cell.
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False. Though they are enclosed in their own membrane.
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How many layers of membranes does the mitochondria have?
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two
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How many layers of membranes do chloroplasts have?
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three
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Where are the two sites of synthesis for protein of the membrane for both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
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The protein in the membrane comes from free ribosomes and from ribosomes in the mitochondria or chloroplasts.
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True or False: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA
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True. This DNA is involved in the synthesis of proteins
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What does it mean when we say that mitochondria and chloroplasts are semiautonomous?
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it means that they grow and reproduce within the cell.
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Where do the protein made in the mitochondria get their DNA?
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from inside the mitochondria
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Where to the protein in the membrane of the mitochondria made from free ribosomes get their DNA?
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from the nuclear DNA in the nucleus
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What type of organelle is the peroxisome considered?
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an oxidative organelle
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Is the peroxisome part of the endomembrane system?
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No. But it gets its protein from the cytosol.
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True or False: Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotes.
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True
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How many mitochondria can a cell have?
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One - thousands of mitochondria
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What determines whether a cell has few or many mitochondria?
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the cell's metabolic activity
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What is the membrane of the mitochondria made out of?
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phospholipid bilayer
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Is the inner membrane of the mitochondria smooth?
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no, it is convoluted
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What are the inner foldings in a mitochondria called?
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cristae
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How many compartments are there in the mitochondria?
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two
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What are the names of the inner compartments of the mitochondria?
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intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
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What is the intermembrane space?
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the space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane
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What 3 things does the mitochondrial matrix hold?
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enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes
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Do enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix play any part in cellular respiration?
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yes to some degree. They catalyze some steps of cellular respiration
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Other than the mitochondrial matrix, where else are enzymes that make ATP in cellular respiration?
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on the inner membrane
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Why is the surface of the inner membrane convoluted?
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to give the inner membrane a wider surface area for cellular respiration
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What are plastids?
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an organelle in a family that includes chloroplasts, amyoplasts, and are involved in photosynthesis
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What are thylakoids?
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the innermost membranous system in a chloroplast.
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What make up thylakoids?
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flattened, interconnected stacks called granum.
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What are granum?
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the stacks in a thylakoid
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The fluid outside the thylakoid is the _______
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stroma.
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What is a stroma?
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the fluid outside the thylakoid
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What holds the chloroplast DNA?
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stroma
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What holds the ribosomes in chloroplasts?
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stroma
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What holds the enzymes in chloroplasts?
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stroma
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How many compartments are in chloroplasts?
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three
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What are the compartments in chloroplasts?
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intermembrane space, the stroma, and thylakoid space
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True or False: The shape of a chloroplast is changeable.
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True
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How do chloroplasts reproduce?
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they pinch in two and reproduce themselves
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Chloroplasts move along the tracks of the ________.
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cytoskeleton
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Are mitochondria and chloroplasts mobile or imobile?
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mobile
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What does the peroxisome produce?
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hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
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What do glyoxysomes do?
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convert fatty acids to sugar
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How does the peroxisome help cellular respiration?
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Some peroxisome use oxygen to break fatty acids down into smaller molecules that the mitochondria uses for fuel
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