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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytoskeleton |
- Made up of protein filaments - Extends throughout the cytoplasm - Gives the cell its shape and enables it to move - 2 kinds: Microtubules and Microfilaments |
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Microtubules |
- Made from the protein tubulin - Make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers |
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Microfilaments |
- Made from the protein actin - Help support the shape of the cell |
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Centrioles and Centrosomes |
- Organize the spindle fibers responsible for cell division - Consist of 9 Microtubules arranged in a circle |
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Cell Wall |
- Fungi: made of chitin - Plants and algae: made of cellulose - Some have secondary cell walls - Middle lamella: keeps the 2 daughter cells attached when a cell divides |
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Cytoplasm |
The region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
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Cytosol |
The semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm |
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Cyclosis |
In eukaryotic cells, organelles are suspended in the cytosol and get carried around the cell as the cytoplasm cycles around the cell |
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ATP Synthetase (Proteins) |
Act as an enzyme |
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Sodium- Potassium Pump (Proteins) |
Transport ions into and out of the cells |
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Cell or Plasma Membrane |
- Fluid mosaic - Phospholipid bilayer w/ Proteins embedded - Cholesterol- makes it less Fluid and more stable - Carbohydrate chains are attached and help with cell-to-cell recognition |
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Passive transport |
- Higher concentration -> lower concentration - Never requires energy - Occurs either by diffusion of osmosis |
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Simple diffusion |
- Movement of particles form a higher concentration to a lower concentration - E.g. humans: through alveoli |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Relies on special protein membrane channels to assist in transporting specific substances across a membrane |
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Osmosis |
- Diffusion of water across a membrane - Water goes to a region with high solute concentration (hypertonic) |
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Active Transport |
- Movement of molecules against a gradient, which requires energy, usually on the form of ATP |
