Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Tissue
|
goup of cells with common function and/or structure
|
|
|
Organ
|
structure that consists of several types of tissues that carry out a particular function
|
|
|
Roots
|
multicullular organ that carries out thefunctions
|
|
|
Roots fuctions
|
a.anchors plants in soil
b. stores carbohydrates cabsorbs water and minerals |
|
|
Tap Root
|
one main vertical root that stores organic nutrients(carbs)
|
|
|
Lateral roots
|
roots that branch from the taproot
|
|
|
Root hairs
|
extentions of roots, increase surface area
|
|
|
Fibrous root system
|
mat of fine roots spreading out just benieth the soil surface
|
|
|
Stem
|
an alteratiing system of nodes(leaf attachments and internodes (segments between nods
|
|
|
axillary bud
|
forms lateral shoot (branch )
|
|
|
Terminal/apical bud
|
forms apex shoot
|
|
|
Apical dominance
|
restricted axilary bud growth, allowing ....
|
|
|
Leaves
|
main photosynthetic organ in most vescular plants
|
|
|
Leaf Anatomy
|
Blade=leaf
petiole=join blade to stem viens=vascular tissue with in the leaF |
|
|
TISSUE SYSTEM
|
consist of one or more tissues organized into a functional unit connecting the oragns of the plant
* Dermal tissue system *Vascular tissue system *Ground tissue system |
|
|
Epidermis
|
outer protective covering, ususally a single tissue layer tightly packed cells, first line of defence against physical damage, pathogens
|
|
|
Cuticle
|
waxy coating on the epidermal surface, protects against desolation (drying out)
|
|
|
Xylem
|
transports water and dissolved materials upwards, from the roots to the shoots
|
|
|
Phloem
|
trasnsports organic nutrients from leavesdownward to roots, also to new growth (leaves and fruits)
|
|
|
Ground Tissue System
|
(specilizes in storage, support, photosythesis)
|
|
|
Pith
|
ground tissue internal to vasular t...
|
|
|
Cortex (cork)
|
ground tissue external to vascular tissue
|
|
|
Common Types of Plant Cells
|
Differences among cell types occur in cell wall and protoplast modifications
*Parenchyma cells *Collenchyma cells *Sclerenchyma cells *Xylem Phloem |
|
|
parenchyma
|
typical plant cells
|
|
|
Collenchyma
|
support young plant cells
|
|
|
Sclerenchyma
|
support old plant parts
|
|
|
xylem
|
Forms walls for water transport out of dead tissue ( wood)
|
|
|
Phloem
|
forms tubes for nutrient transport out of living tissue
|
|
|
Indeterminate Growth
|
growth that occursa throughout a plants life (Iris)
|
|
|
Determinate Growth
|
growth that ceases after a certain size ( Oaks)
|
|
|
Anual growth rates
|
plants that complete there life cycle within one year (wildflowers)
|
|
|
Biennials Growth rate
|
plants that complete their life cycle in two years (carrots)
|
|
|
Perennials
|
plants that live for many years (tree, shrubs)
|
|
|
Meristems
|
perpetually bembryonic tissues
( they continue to grow) |
|
|
Apical Meristems
|
located in tips of roots and buds of shoots
(1 degree =length) |
|
|
Lateral meristems
|
located along length of roots and stems (2º growth = width/girth by vascular & cork cambium)
|
|
|
Root cap
|
protects the root tips as the root grows, also cecretes slime
|
|
|
Zone of Maturation
|
area where cells complete differentiation and growth
|
|
|
Zone of elongation
|
area root legthneing, pushing root tip into soil
|
|
|
Zone of cell division
|
area of new root cell production including root tip
|
|
|
Stele
|
vascular cylinder composed of the xylem and phloem in most plants
|
|
|
Pericycle
|
cells from which lateal roots arise, outermost cells in stele
.... |
|
|
Shoot apical meristems ( SAM)
|
dome shaped mass of cells at shoot tips
|
|
|
Leaf perordia
|
finger like leaf projections along the sides of the SAM
|
|
|
Eudicots (dicots)
|
vasular tissue arranged in ring
(xylem =interior) (phloem =exterior) |
|
|
Monocots
|
vascular tissue scattered in rings (xylem – larger, phloem – smaller)
|
|
|
Stomata
|
pores that allow gas exchange ( O2 and CO2 ) betwwen air and chloroplasts, also allow evaporative water loss
|
|
|
Guard Cells
|
regulate opening and closing of stomata
|
|
|
Vascular cambium
|
undifferentiated cells that increase phloem and xylem (b mitosis)
|
|
|
Cork cambium
|
– produces a tough, thick outer covering (bark – all tissues external to the vascular cambium)
|
