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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrate digestion |
1. Good enters mouth and is broken up by teeth, then mixed with saliva 2. Salivary amylase starts to hydrolyse the starch to maltose 3. In the stomach this salivary amylase is denatured 4. In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase continues to hydrolyse the starch to maltose 5. Maltose is then hydrolysed to glucose by maltose enzymes in the membranes of epithelial cells. The glucose can then be absorbed |
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What are the two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion? |
Amylase and maltase |
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In carbohydrate digestion, where is the enzyme amylase produced? |
Salivary glands and the pancreas |
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In carbohydrate digestion, where is the enzyme maltase produced? |
In the epithelium cell membrane of Small Intestines |
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In carbohydrate digestion, what is the product of the reaction catalysed by the enzyme, amylase? |
Starch--> maltose |
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In carbohydrate digestion, what is the product of the reaction catalysed by the enzyme maltase? |
Maltose---> glucose |
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Protein digestion |
1. Process of hydrolysing peptides into their monomers; amino acids, so that they can be absorbed into the epithelial cells of he small intestine. |
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Protein digestion in the stomach (2) |
1. Stomach produces an enzyme called endopeptidase (often called pepsin) 2. Endopeptidase hydrolysed peptide bonds within the polypeptide chain to form shorter polypeptides |
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Protein digestion in the small intestine |
1. The pancreas secretes other endopeptidases. These pass along the pancreatic duct called the duodenum (first section of the small intestine 2. Results in polypeptide chains that are mostly 3-4 amino acids in length 3. Shorter polypeptides further hydrolysed into amino acids by group of enzymes called exopeptidases. Exopeptidases hydrolyse the peptide bonds at the ENDS of he shorter polypeptides, therefore releasing amino acids (or in some cases dupe prides from the END of the chain 4. Epithelial cells of the small intestine absorb the amino acids by facilitated diffusion 5. Other enzymes called dipeptidases, embedded in the intestinal membrane, hydrolyse the peptide bonds in dipeptidases to release the two amino acids. |
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Role of endopeptase |
Hydrolyse a peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain to form shorter polypeptides |
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Role of Exopeptidase |
Further hydrolyse sea shorter polypeptides into amino acids. •hydrolyses peptide bonds at the ends of shorter polypeptides, releasing amino acids or dipeptides. |
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Role of dipeptidase |
(Embedded in intestinal membrane) Hydrolyse peptide bonds in dipeptides to release the two amino acids |
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Name the 3 enzymes involved in protein digestion |
Endopeptidases Exopeptidase Dipeptidase |
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Lipid digestion |
(Mostly occurs in the small intestine) 1. Bile released down bile duct into duodenum when stomach contents are emptied •bile salts break down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets (while preventing formation of large fat droplets) Process is called emulsification Bile=alkali = neitrilisesacud produced in the stomach 3. Small fat droplets = larger surface area of fat exposed to enzyme lipase
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