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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Nucleus. |
It is surrounded by a double membrane and is usually large compared to other organelles. It contains chromosomes and the nucleolus.
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*Information in the chromosomes controls the production of proteins in the cell. These proteins, in turn, control cellular functions. |
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Cell Membrane. (Also cytoplasmic or plasma membrane) |
It is a double layer of phospholipids embedded with protein molecules, glycoproteins and some short carbohydrate chains.
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*This helps to maintain shape. Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell. Encloses cell contents and communicated with neighbouring cells. |
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Nuclear Membrane. |
A double membrane, containing many pores, which separates the nucleoplasm from the rest of the cell.
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*This regulates the movement of material between the cytoplasm and nucleus. |
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Nucleolus. |
A granular structure in the nucleus, made of protein and nucleic acid. |
*This is the site of manufacture of ribosomal RNA. |
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Mitochondria. |
Sacs made up of two membranes. The inner membrane is folded to create cristae, which increase the surface area. The cristae enclose the fluid-filled matrix. |
*This is the site of aerobic cellular respiration, they are responsible for most of the cells energy production. They are most abundant in cells with high energy needs, e.g. Muscle cells and cells of the kidney tubule. |
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Ribosomes. |
Small spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein. |
*These are the site of protein synthesis. |
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
A network of membranes that create channels in the cytoplasm from the nucleus to the cell membrane. |
*The site of lipid synthesis and transport of many materials throughout the cell. They are abundant in cells that produce steroid hormones. |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
A network of membranes that create channels in the cytoplasm. Rough ER is stuffed with ribosomes. |
*These transport and fold proteins produced by ribosomes. Synthesis of glycoproteins. Parts of the ER pinch odd to become vesicles for the transport of proteins to the membrane or to other organelles, including the Golgi bodies. |
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Golgi Complex. |
Stacks of flattened membrane sacs. |
*This packages proteins and glycoproteins into vesicles for secretion from the cell or to be sent to other organelles. It modifies some proteins and glycoproteins. It synthesises cellulose in plant cells. And it is abundant in cells that export cell products. |
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Lysosomes. |
A membrane sack containing many digestive enzymes. |
*These contain enzymes that digest ingested materials and wastes. They are also important in programmed cell death. |
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Vacuole. |
A membrane-bound sac containing fluid, sugars and ions. It appears as a clear area when seen through a microscope. |
*This is important in turgor in plant cells; the pressure of fluid in the large vacuole helps maintain cell shape. It is also used for storage of sugars, ions and food. |
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Vacuole. |
A membrane-bound sac containing fluid, sugars and ions. It appears as a clear area when seen through a microscope. |
*This is important in turgor in plant cells; the pressure of fluid in the large vacuole helps maintain cell shape. It is also used for storage of sugars, ions and food. |
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Chloroplast. |
Surrounded by a double membrane, contain stacks of membranes (grana) embedded in less dense membrane and fluid (stroma). |
*This is the site of photosynthesis; grana (or thylakoid membranes) contain chlorophyll, the pigment that traps light energy. It is abundant in leaf cells. |
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Centriole. |
A pair of cylindrical structures made up of several smaller tubes. |
*The spindle forms between centrioles during cell division. |
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Centriole. |
A pair of cylindrical structures made up of several smaller tubes. |
*The spindle forms between centrioles during cell division. |
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Flagella or Cilia. |
Made of membrane material and microtubules, they protrude from the cell. Prokaryotic flagella lack membrane material. |
*These provide a means of movement of the cell or of the fluid surrounding of the cell. |
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Centriole. |
A pair of cylindrical structures made up of several smaller tubes. |
*The spindle forms between centrioles during cell division. |
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Flagella or Cilia. |
Made of membrane material and microtubules, they protrude from the cell. Prokaryotic flagella lack membrane material. |
*These provide a means of movement of the cell or of the fluid surrounding of the cell. |
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Cell Wall. |
A layer of cellulose (in plants). Secreted by the cell and completely surrounding the cell membrane. Other chemicals make up the cell walls of bacteria and fungi. |
*This provides structural support and defines the shape of cells. |
