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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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The cumulative changes in characteristics of populations of organisms in successive generations
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Divergent evolution
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The process by which organisms evolve into a variety of specialized life forms to ensure their groups survival. Eventually each population of new life forms may become a distinct species when they cannot mate.
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Convergent evolution
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The development of similar forms from unrelated species due to adaption to similar environments
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Vestigial structures
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Structures that are no longer functional. Usually, they are greatly reduced in size
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Embryology
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The study of embryo development
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Homologous structures
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Homologous structures are present in different species, and may have different functions. But the structure suggests they had common ancestors
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Analogous structures
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They have the same function but different origins
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Genetic drift
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The process whereby allele frequencies in a population change randomly over time because of a chance
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Geographic isolation
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Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water, leading to the formation of two separate subspecies
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Founder effect
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Change in allele frequencies of a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
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Phylogeny
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The history of evolution of a species and changes, As tracked by fossils
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Adaption
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Heritable characteristics that increase an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
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Gradualism
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The evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time
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Punctuated equilibrium
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Is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history, remaining in an extended state called stasis
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Variation
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Genetic diversity, differences within a species
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Phototropism
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The growth of organisms in response to light. Most often observed in plants.
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Natural selection
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Is the gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. It is a key mechanism of evolution
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Who was Charles Darwin
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Was an English naturalist and geologist best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors .
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Pangaea
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The giant land mass when all continents were together many millions of years ago.
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Who was lamarck
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An early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws. He gave the term biology a broader meaning by coining the term for special sciences
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Tree of life
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The tree of life is a metaphor used to describe the relationships both living and extinct. And that they all came from a common ancestor. Part of divergent evolution.
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