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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Matter?
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anything that has mass that occupies space
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What is an Element?
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substance that cannot be broken down into other substances-composed of only one kind of atom
92 naturally occuring 25 esentual to life |
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What is a Trace Element?
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Substance required in a very small amount without which which life could not exist-
14 trace elements comprised of 0.01 total human body weight |
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What are Compounds?
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substances that contain two or more elements-more common than pure elements
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What is an Atom?
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smallest unit of matter that still retains the structure of an element- Subatomic Particiles
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Subatomic Particles:
Proton |
a positively charged paticle inside the nuceleus.
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Subatomic Paricles:
Neutron |
neutrally charged particle inside the nucleus
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Subatomic Particle:
Electron |
negatively charged particle in orbit around the nucleus
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What is a Dalton?
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unit of measurement for atoms and subatomic particles- atomic mass unit=amu
proton +neutron=1 dalton Electon =1/2000 dalton |
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What is the Atomic Number?
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it represents the number of protons and electrons
protons = nutrons to maintain a stable atom |
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What is Matter?
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anything that has mass that occupies space
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What is an Element?
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substance that cannot be broken down into other substances-composed of only one kind of atom
92 naturally occuring 25 esentual to life |
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What is a Trace Element?
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Substance required in a very small amount without which which life could not exist-
14 trace elements comprised of 0.01 total human body weight |
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What are Compounds?
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substances that contain two or more elements-more common than pure elements
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What is an Atom?
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smallest unit of matter that still retains the structure of an element- Subatomic Particiles
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Subatomic Particles:
Proton |
a positively charged paticle inside the nuceleus.
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Subatomic Paricles:
Neutron |
neutrally charged particle inside the nucleus
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Subatomic Particle:
Electron |
negatively charged particle in orbit around the nucleus
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What is a Dalton?
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unit of measurement for atoms and subatomic particles- atomic mass unit=amu
proton +neutron=1 dalton Electon =1/2000 dalton |
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What is the Atomic Number?
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it represents the number of protons and electrons
protons = nutrons to maintain a stable atom |
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What is Atomic Weight?
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mass of atoms in nucleus
Protons and Nuetrons added together |
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Subatomic Particle:
What is an Isotope? |
diffrent form of the same element-same number of Protons and Electons, diffrent number of neutrons-
Carbon = 6P+6N=Stable Carbon =6P+8N=Radioactive |
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Subatomic Particles:
What is a Radioative Isotope? |
As the nucleus decays, paricldes of energy are released
Bad overexposed can casue cancer Good=montor fate of atom in living oragnisms for tracer in medicine |
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What are Valence Electrons?
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electrons located in the outermost shell of the atom- determines the behavior of the atom
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What is a Valence Shell?
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Outer most shell of an atom-atoms with the same number of electons in their valence shell exhibit similar behavior
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What are Electon Orbitals?
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three demensional space where electrons spend 90% of their time- path of an a electron around the nucleus of an atom-Only two electons can occupy a single orbital
S Orbitals= sperical shape P orbitals= dumbell shape Higher electron Orbitals assume more complex shapes |
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What is an Ionic Bond?
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attraction in which one atom STEALS electons from another atom- this creates atoms that have oppoisite charges that hold together
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What is an Ion?
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ether positively charged (loss of electrons) or negatively charged (gain of electrons) ATOMS-
Anion=negative CHARGE Cation=positive CHARGE |
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What is a Covalent Bond?
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attraction in which one atoms shares electrons with another - one or more shared pairs of eletrons holds atom together
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What is a Single Bond?
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one covelant bond shared between two atoms that share one pair of electrons
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What is a Double Bond?
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Two Covelent Bonds shared between two atoms that that share two pairs of electrons
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What is Electro-negativity?
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the more electro-negative an atom is, the more stonger it pulls shared electrons toward itself
NonPolar coelant bond=Equal EN Polar Covant= UnEqual EN |
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What is Kenetic Energy?
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erergy associated with the relative motion of objects-
EX: water flowing over a dam generating energy |
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What is a Hydrogen Bond?
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weak chemical bond formed between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covelent bond of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of a polar covent bond in another molecule
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What is Van der Waals interactions?
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a weak atraction force between atoms, molecules and surfaces caused by a temporary change in DIPOLE MOVEMENT (slight shift of the electrons to one side of one atom or molecule)
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What is a Chemical Reaction ?
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change in matter in which diffrent chemical substances are created by making or breaking chemical bonds
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What are Reactants?
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substances who's chemical bonds arfe broken and made (ingredients)
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What are Products?
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substances that result from the reaction
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What is Energy?
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capacity to cause change -(DOING WORK)
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What is Potential Energy?
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energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Ex: Water in a resevior behind a DAM |
