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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Population Density
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number if individuals per unit area
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age structure
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number of male and females of each age a population contains
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immigration
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individuals moving into the range of a population and increasing its density
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emigration
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individuals moving out of the population's range, decreasing its density
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exponential growth
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larger population gets larger as it grows. ex. 2->4->8->16
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carrying capacity
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the maximum number if individuals of a certain species that a certain environment can support
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limiting factor
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factor that controls the growth of a population
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density-dependent limiting factors
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operate strongly only when a population reaches a certain level. Includes: competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, disease, and stress.
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Density-independent limiting factors
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affect all populations in similar ways regardless of density. Includes: hurricanes, droughts, floods, natural disasters, and wildfires.
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demography
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the study of human populations
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demographic transition
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a dramatic change from high birthrates and death rates to low birthrates and death rates
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monoculture
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practice of clearing large areas of land to plant a single highly productive crop year after year
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renewable resource
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can be produced or replaced by a healthy ecosystem
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nonrenewable resources
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natural processes cannot replace them within a reasonable amount of time
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sustainable development
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using resources in a conscious way
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desertification
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a combination of dry climate, farming, overgrazing, seasonal drought, and climate change turning farmland to desert
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deforestation
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loss of forests that can negatively affect soil quality
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pollutant
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harmful material that can enter the biosphere
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biological magnification
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occurs if a pollutant, such as DDT, mercury, or PCB, is picked up by an organism and is not broken down or eliminated by an organism
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PCBs
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an industrial pollutant that is a class of organic chemicals that were used in industries until 1970
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DDTs
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controls agricultural pests and disease-carrying mosquitoes, but when it gets into a water supply, it has a disastrous affects on organisms that rely on water
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smog
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smoke + fog, a gray-brown haze formed by chemical reactions among pollutants released into the air by industrial processes and automobile exhaust
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acid rain
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burning of fossil fuels releasing Nitrogen and sulfur compounds which combine with water vapor in the air to form nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids then fall as acid rain
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biodiversity
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the total of all the genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere
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ecosystem diversity
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refers to the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the biosphere
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species diversity
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number of different species in the biosphere or in a particular area
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genetic diversity
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sum total of all different forms of genetic information carried by a particular species, or by all organisms on Earth
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habitat fragmentation
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habitats split apart into "islands" by development
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ecological hot spot
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a place where significant numbers of species and habitats are in immediate danger of extinction
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ecological footprint
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describes the total area of functioning land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources an individual/population uses and to absorb and make harmless the wastes that an individual/population generates
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aquaculture
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the farming of aquatic animals, a good alternative to commercial fishing
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global warming
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the rising of global temperatures
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