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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is sperm produced?
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seminiferous tubules
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what does the female reproductive system do?
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produces eggs, prepares the body to carry an embryo, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes. (DOES NOT DELIVER SPERM)
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in which system is sperm made and delivered?
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the male reproductive system
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phases of the mentrual cycle
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menstruation, ovulation, luteal (NOT FERTILIZATION)
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when does an egg have the best chance to be fertilized?
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at the beginning of the luteal phase
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what happens during the menstrual cycle?
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LH and FSH peak causing the follicle to release a mature egg
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when does menstruation not occur
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if the egg is fertilized
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zygote
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fertilized egg
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when are the chances of fertilization very good?
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if a blastocyst is already present, the egg is in the fallopian tubes, and the woman is menstruating
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what must occur for fertilization to happen inside the female body?
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sperm must swim into a fallopian tube, an egg must be present in the fallopian tube, and the nucleus of a sperm must enter the egg cell
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where does gastrulation occur?
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uterus
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what is the result of gastrulation?
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germ layers
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what is the last process?
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gastrulation
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what does the placenta do?
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it provides nutrients to the fetus
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how does the placenta connect the fetus to the mother?
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connects the fetus to the mother's uterus
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what can cause diseases?
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pathogens, cigarette smoke, and fungi
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how do antibiotics fight infections
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kill bacteria
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what are the body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens?
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mucus, sweat, tears
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what does the inflammatory response cause?
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pain, swelling, fever
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body's most important nonspecific defense
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the skin
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what happens when a person receives a vaccine?
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their body creates plasma cells that can produce antibodies against specific pathogens
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humoral immunity is carried out by
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antibodies
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if a person has memory B cells against a certain pathogen
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the person is not likely to develop the disease a second time
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an immune response is triggered by
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an antigen
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asthma is an example of
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the immune system overreacting to an antigen
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examples of bacterial pathogens
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tuberculosis, cholera, and tetanus (NOT MEASLES)
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which of the following is not correct?
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antigens are not the third line of defense
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antigen
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any substance capable of elicting an immune response
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lymphocytes
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white blood cells that recognize specific invadors
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involved in humoral immunity
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B cells, antibodies, plasma cells
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what are the steps of cell-mediated immunity?
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infected cells display antigens on the cell surface, T cells bind to antigens, T cell clones are formed, killer T cells destroy infected cells
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what is the relationship between macrophages and helper T cells?
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macrophages display the antigens of the virus or bacteria and then present this to the helper T cell
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lymphocytes do not/are not
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mature in the thymus, nonspecific immune cells, originate from T cells
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