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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the Copying of DNA is called
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Replication
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Chromosomes can only be seen when a cell is ____
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Dividing
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Uncoiled chromosomes are called-___
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chromatin
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DNA tightly coils by wrapping around what kind of protein?
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Histones
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what are duplicated (doubled) chromosomes called?
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Chromatids
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what holds the chromatids together?
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Centromere
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sketch and label all parts of sister chromatids...
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see worksheet
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What is asexual reproduction
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involves a single cell dividing to make 2 new identical daughter cells
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give 2 examples of asexual reproduction
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mitosis and bianary fission
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what is sexual reproduction?
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involves 2 cells (egg and sperm) joining to make a new ell (zygote) not identical to parent cells. (proccess meiosis)
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Describe what occurs ing hte G1 stage of interphase
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Growth...cells mature by making more cytoplasm and organelles
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What does a cell make during the G2 stage right before mitosis?
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Organelles and proteins (example:Centrioles)
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What part of the cell actually divides during mitosis
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nucleus
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give another name for mitosis
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karyokinesis
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name in order the four stages of mitosis
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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what happens to the nucleus and nucleolus during prophase?
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Broken down
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Druing telophase as the chromosomes uncoil, they reappear as
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chromatin
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what process or phase follows telophase
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cytokinesis
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what divides during cytokinesis
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cytoplasm
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explain how cytokinesis occurs in plants
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cell plate forms at equator to divide cell
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explain how cytokinesis occurs in animals
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cleavage furrow forms to split cell
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How does the chromosome number of the parent cell compare to that of the 2 daughter cells? how do the 3 cells compare in size?
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same # chromosomes...parent cells are larger than daughter cells.
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Eukaryotic cells before and after mitosis are ____ or 2n
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diploid
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diploid=_____
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Body cells (contain all chromosomes needed)
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Haploid=____
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sex cells and gametes(contain 1/2 chromosomes needed total)
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What is the chromosome number of the daughter cells produced by meiosis? How does this compare to teh number of chromosomes in the original cell?
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haploid=1n.....daughter cells have 1/2 the # of chromosomes as parent
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what are the daughter cells called that are produced by meiosis?
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gametes, egg & sperm
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is meiosis sexual or asexual reproduction?
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sexual
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are eggs and sperm haploid or diploid?
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haploid
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what process joins the egg and sperm to restore the original chromosome number of the organism?
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fertilization
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when a sperm fertilizes an egg, a new 2n cell forms called the
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zygote
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_____reduces the chromosomes # by 1/2 while _____ restores it
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Meiosis, Fertilization
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What is a tetrad?
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2 homolog chromosomes joined together
(two colors..one from mother and one from father) |
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Crossing over results in genetic ______in the offspring
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recombination
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where does spermatogenesis occur?
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testes
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where does oogenesis occur?
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ovaries
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name the 4 cells produced by oogenesis..
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3 polar bodies and one egg
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what happens to the polar bodies and WHY?
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they die b/c unequal division of cytoplasm
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complete table
number of divisions number of daughter cells genetically identical chromosome number where occurs when occurs role |
Mitosis meiosis
1 2 2 4 yes no same # as parent 1/2 of p. syn. body cells sex cells thru life sexual maturity qrowth repair reproduction |
