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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a nucleotide consist of?
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A pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), one or more phosphate groups and a nitrogen containing base.
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Nucleotides are the subunits of:
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Nucleic acids (what are their subunits)?
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Which bonds in nucleotides release a lot of energy?
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The covalent P-O phosphate bonds. (These release what?)
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What are the names for the two types of nucleotide bases?
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Purine, Pyrimidine
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Adenine
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Purine
-goes with thymine |
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Guanine
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Purine
- goes with cytosine |
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Pyrimidine
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uracil
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Cytosine
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Pyrimidine
- goes with guanine |
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Thymine
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Pyrimidine
- goes with adenine |
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How do nucleotides join?
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The 3Carbon on one nucleic acid has an OH and condenses with the phosphate on another nucleic acid (phosphate on the 5th carbon).
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What kind of backbone do these successive nucleotide chains form?
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Sugar Phosphate
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What is uracil in RNA paired with?
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Adenine
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Why are lipids insoluble?
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Nonpolar covalent bonds of hydrogen and carbons in lipids
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How are fats and oils made?
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Glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules condense to form 3H20s
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What kind of linkage is in glycerold-fatty acid condensation?
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Ester
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What does a phospholipid consist of?
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Hydrocarbon chains, glycerol (hydrophobic) and a hydrophilic phosphate choline head.
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What causes phospholipids to bond into a membrane?
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Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobid interactions
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What influences the folding of proteins?
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Sequences of amino acids
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Describe the linkage of polypeptides
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The O from the COO group breaks off and joins 2 Hs from the NH3 to form H20 and the two join.
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How many types of amino acids are there?
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20
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How is the secondary structure of a protein mainly determined?
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hydrogen bonds
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What kinds of proteins can insert into phospholipid membranes?
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Alpha helices with hydrophobid side chains
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What is special about proline?
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It fits in neither sheets nor alpha helices because it can't make hydrogen bonds
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What are four properties that determine tertiary structure?
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Disulfide bridges
Hydrophobic aggregation of R groups Non covalent!!! Ionic interactions |
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Where do sugar modifications take place on phospholipids?
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In the golgi
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