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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exocrine glands
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make secretions, and deliver products to a surface or a lumen through a passageway or duct
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epidermal derivatives
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pockets of epidermis extend into the dermis, producing specialized structures; include: hair, nails, glands
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hair
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produced w/ in epidermal pockets called hair follicles; protect functions; retaining body heat in cold weather, shading and cooling te scalp when it is hot, protecting the head from impact, eyelashes and eyebrow hairs, keep debris form reaching the eye; hairs at the entrance to the nose prevents debris and insects from entering
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life cycle of a hair
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growth stage 3-5 years; then stops growing (resting stage) 1-2 years; then it is pushed out and replaced by a new hair
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lanugo
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in utero, babies have a coat of fine hair which is usually shed and replaced by vellus around 7 months of fetal development
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vernix caseosa
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the skin is covered by a whitish, oily, waterproof layer secreted by the sebaceous gland, in utero
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vellus
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fine, nearly invisible hair
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terminal hair
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thick, darker hair found on the eyebrows, scalp, and pubic regions of an adult
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arrector pili
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attache to each hair follicle, and when the muscle cell contracts the hair is more upright
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nails
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primarily hard keratin; protect the distal end of the digits, allow you to grasp small objects, and aid in holding, climbing, and scratching
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nail body
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the visible nail
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nail matrix
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the basal layer that produces the nail
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integumentary system
|
functions- protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and production of the active form of vitamin D
|
|
|
epidermis
|
epithelial tissue, no blood supply; visible and on the surface; 4-5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium; thicker on palms and soles of feet
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adrenogenital syndrome
|
hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex in which secondary sex characteristics develop early in male children, and female children are masculinized
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|
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basement membrane
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a special extracellular matrix that separates the epidermis and dermis, and regulates what passes between them
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|
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keratinocytes
|
most abundant cells of the epidermis. as they mature, they accumulate excessive amounts of fibrous protein keratin and they are linked tightly together by proteinaceous desomosomes to form a barrier
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keratin
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insoluble, long-lived, also in hair and nails
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|
merkel cells
|
these combine w/ sensory nerves to form the sensory receptors for touch- located where the epidermis meets the dermis
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|
|
langerhaus cells
|
macrophages that migrate into the epidermis from the bone marrow
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|
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melanocytes
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in the basal layer; produce the brownish pigment melanin
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|
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tanning
|
the visible accelerated accumulation of melanin
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|
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burning
|
when the amount of UV light overwhelms the melanin defense, damaging cells and their DNA, and stimulating the production of p53 protein
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|
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basal, spiny, granular, clear, and cornified/horny
|
layers of the epidermis
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|
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basal layer
|
stem cells; the lowest layer of cells; closest to the nutrient supply diffusing from the connective tissue below; division of these cells is stimulated by friction on the surface; cells are produced to replace cells being rubbed off
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|
|
TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta)
|
made by the stem cells themselves (an autocrine factor)
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|
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KGF (keratinocyte growth factor)
|
also called FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor 7) a paracrine factor made by the fibroblasts of the dermis below
|
|
|
spiny layer
|
above the basal layer, the rate of mitosis rapidly decreases, in part due to lack of adequate nutrients
|
|
|
basement membrane
|
a special extracellular matrix that separates the epidermis and dermis, and regulates what passes between them
|
|
|
granular layer
|
the cells are getting flatter and dying- nuclei and organelles begin to break down; at the same time, the plasma membrane thickens, cells continue to produce keratin and cells releases vesicles filled w/ a waterproofing glycolipid outside the cell
|
|
|
keratinocytes
|
most abundant cells of the epidermis. as they mature, they accumulate excessive amounts of fibrous protein keratin and they are linked tightly together by proteinaceous desomosomes to form a barrier
|
|
|
clear layer
|
flat, clear, dead cells; this layer is only found in areas of thick skin
|
|
|
keratin
|
insoluble, long-lived, also in hair and nails
|
|
|
merkel cells
|
these combine w/ sensory nerves to form the sensory receptors for touch- located where the epidermis meets the dermis
|
|
|
langerhaus cells
|
macrophages that migrate into the epidermis from the bone marrow
|
|
|
melanocytes
|
in the basal layer; produce the brownish pigment melanin
|
|
|
tanning
|
the visible accelerated accumulation of melanin
|
|
|
burning
|
when the amount of UV light overwhelms the melanin defense, damaging cells and their DNA, and stimulating the production of p53 protein
|
|
|
basal, spiny, granular, clear, and cornified/horny
|
layers of the epidermis
|
|
|
basal layer
|
stem cells; the lowest layer of cells; closest to the nutrient supply diffusing from the connective tissue below; division of these cells is stimulated by friction on the surface; cells are produced to replace cells being rubbed off
|
|
|
TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta)
|
made by the stem cells themselves (an autocrine factor)
|
|
|
KGF (keratinocyte growth factor)
|
also called FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor 7) a paracrine factor made by the fibroblasts of the dermis below
|
|
|
spiny layer
|
above the basal layer, the rate of mitosis rapidly decreases, in part due to lack of adequate nutrients
|
|
|
granular layer
|
the cells are getting flatter and dying- nuclei and organelles begin to break down; at the same time, the plasma membrane thickens, cells continue to produce keratin and cells releases vesicles filled w/ a waterproofing glycolipid outside the cell
|
|
|
clear layer
|
flat, clear, dead cells; this layer is only found in areas of thick skin
|
|
|
exocrine glands
|
make secretions, and deliver products to a surface or a lumen through a passageway or duct
|
|
|
epidermal derivatives
|
pockets of epidermis extend into the dermis, producing specialized structures; include: hair, nails, glands
|
|
|
hair
|
produced w/ in epidermal pockets called hair follicles; protect functions; retaining body heat in cold weather, shading and cooling te scalp when it is hot, protecting the head from impact, eyelashes and eyebrow hairs, keep debris form reaching the eye; hairs at the entrance to the nose prevents debris and insects from entering
|
|
|
life cycle of a hair
|
growth stage 3-5 years; then stops growing (resting stage) 1-2 years; then it is pushed out and replaced by a new hair
|
|
|
lanugo
|
in utero, babies have a coat of fine hair which is usually shed and replaced by vellus around 7 months of fetal development
|
|
|
vernix caseosa
|
the skin is covered by a whitish, oily, waterproof layer secreted by the sebaceous gland, in utero
|
|
|
vellus
|
fine, nearly invisible hair
|
|
|
terminal hair
|
thick, darker hair found on the eyebrows, scalp, and pubic regions of an adult
|
|
|
arrector pili
|
attache to each hair follicle, and when the muscle cell contracts the hair is more upright
|
|
|
nails
|
primarily hard keratin; protect the distal end of the digits, allow you to grasp small objects, and aid in holding, climbing, and scratching
|
|
|
nail body
|
the visible nail
|
|
|
nail matrix
|
the basal layer that produces the nail
|
|
|
integumentary system
|
functions- protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and production of the active form of vitamin D
|
|
|
epidermis
|
epithelial tissue, no blood supply; visible and on the surface; 4-5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium; thicker on palms and soles of feet
|
|
|
adrenogenital syndrome
|
hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex in which secondary sex characteristics develop early in male children, and female children are masculinized
|
|
|
exocrine glands
|
make secretions, and deliver products to a surface or a lumen through a passageway or duct
|
|
|
epidermal derivatives
|
pockets of epidermis extend into the dermis, producing specialized structures; include: hair, nails, glands
|
|
|
hair
|
produced w/ in epidermal pockets called hair follicles; protect functions; retaining body heat in cold weather, shading and cooling te scalp when it is hot, protecting the head from impact, eyelashes and eyebrow hairs, keep debris form reaching the eye; hairs at the entrance to the nose prevents debris and insects from entering
|
|
|
life cycle of a hair
|
growth stage 3-5 years; then stops growing (resting stage) 1-2 years; then it is pushed out and replaced by a new hair
|
|
|
lanugo
|
in utero, babies have a coat of fine hair which is usually shed and replaced by vellus around 7 months of fetal development
|
|
|
vernix caseosa
|
the skin is covered by a whitish, oily, waterproof layer secreted by the sebaceous gland, in utero
|
|
|
vellus
|
fine, nearly invisible hair
|
|
|
terminal hair
|
thick, darker hair found on the eyebrows, scalp, and pubic regions of an adult
|
|
|
arrector pili
|
attache to each hair follicle, and when the muscle cell contracts the hair is more upright
|
|
|
nails
|
primarily hard keratin; protect the distal end of the digits, allow you to grasp small objects, and aid in holding, climbing, and scratching
|
|
|
nail body
|
the visible nail
|
|
|
nail matrix
|
the basal layer that produces the nail
|
|
|
integumentary system
|
functions- protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and production of the active form of vitamin D
|
|
|
epidermis
|
epithelial tissue, no blood supply; visible and on the surface; 4-5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium; thicker on palms and soles of feet
|
|
|
adrenogenital syndrome
|
hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex in which secondary sex characteristics develop early in male children, and female children are masculinized
|
|
|
epidermal derivates
|
pockets of epidermis extend into the dermis; producing specializes structures; include: nails, hair, and glands
|
|
|
hair
|
produced w/ in epidermal pockets called hair follicles; protective functions retaining body heat in cold weather, shading, and cooling the scalp when it is hot, protecting the head from impact, eyelashes and eyebrow hairs keep debris from reaching the eye; hairs at the entrance to the nose prevents debris and insects from entering
|
|
|
life cycle of a hair
|
growth stage 3-5 years; then stops growing 1-2 years; then it is pushed out and replaced by a new hair
|
|
|
lanugo
|
in utero, babies have a coat of fine hair which is usually shed and replaced by vellus around 7 months of fetal development
|
|
|
vernix caseosa
|
the skin is covered by a whitish, oily, waterproof layer secreted by the sebaceous gland, in utero
|
|
|
vellus
|
fine, nearly invisible hair
|
|
|
terminal hair
|
thick, darker hair found on the eyebrows, scalp, and pubic regions of an adult
|
|
|
arrector pili
|
attached to each hair follicle, and when the muscle cell contracts the hair is more upright
|
|
|
nails
|
primarily hard keratin, protect the distal end of the digits, allow you to grasp small objects, and aid in holding, climbing, and scratching
|
|
|
nail body
|
the visible nail
|
|
|
nail matrix
|
the basal layer that produces the nail
|
|
|
integumentary system
|
functions-protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and production of the active form of vitamin D
|
|
|
epidermis
|
epithelial tissue, no blood supply; visible and on the surface; 4-5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium; thicker on palms and soles of feet
|
|
|
basement membrane
|
a special extracellular matrix that separates the epidermis and dermis, and regulates what passes between them
|
|
|
keratinocytes
|
most abundant cells of the epidermis; as they mature, they accumulate excessive amounts of fibrous protein keratin and they are proteinaceous desmosomes to form a barrier
|
|
|
keratin
|
insoluble, long-lived, also in hair and nails
|
|
|
merkel cells
|
these combine w/ sensory nerves to form te sensory receptors for touch- located where the epidermis meets the dermis
|
|
|
langerhaus cells
|
macrophages that migrate into the epidermis from the bone marrow
|
|
|
melanocytes
|
in the basal layer; produce the brownish pigment melanin
|
|
|
tanning
|
the visible, accelerated accumulation of melanin
|
|
|
burning
|
when the amount of UV light overwhelms the melanin defense, damaging cells and their DNA, and stimulating the production of p53 protein
|
|
|
basal, spiny, granular, clear, and cornified/horny
|
layers of the epidermis
|
|
|
basal layer
|
stem cells; the lowest layer of cells; closest to the nutrient supply diffusing form connective tissue below, division of these cells is stimulated by friction on the surface; cells are produced to replace cells being rubbed off
|
|
|
TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta)
|
made by the stem cells themselves (an autocrine factor)
|
|
|
KGF (keratinocyte growth factor)
|
also called FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor 7) a paracrine factor made by the fibroblast of the dermis below
|
|
|
spiny layer
|
above the basal layer, the rate of mitosis rapidly decreases, in part due to lack of adequate nutrients
|
|
|
granular layer
|
the cells are getting flatter and dying- nuclei and organelles begin to break down; at the same time, the plasma membrane thickens, cells continue to produce keratin and cells releases vesicles glycolipid outside the cell
|
|
|
clear layer
|
flat, clear, deadcells; this layer is only found in areas of thick skin
|
|
|
cornified/horny layer
|
about 20-30 layers of flattened cells; it is all dead cells, essentially husks of keratin, glued together by keratohyaline
|
|
|
dermis
|
connective tissue below the epidermis; lots of collagen fibers that give it strength and durability; the primary cells are fibroblast and macrophages
|
|
|
hypodermis
|
below the dermis, that is a continuation of the dermis and is commonly included w/ the skin, although it is not part of the skin itself
|
|
|
papillary layer
|
has stubby projections called dermal papillae; these house capillaries, and sensors for pain and touch; folds in the layer in the palm and sole called dermal ridges produce folds in the overlying epidermis known as epidermal ridges or fingerprints
|
|
|
reticular layer
|
made of dense irregular connective tisse; the extracellular matrix of the dermis contains not only collagen but also significant amounts of elastin and reticular fibers
|
|
|
tension or cleavage lines
|
the collagen and other fibers in the dermis tend to align in groups
|
|
|
flexure lines
|
repeated folding of the skin in joint areas results in permanent folds
|
|
|
free nerve endings
|
react to pain, itching, and temperature
|
|
|
hair follicle receptor
|
encircling hair follicles- light, touch, and movement
|
|
|
Pacinian Corpuscles
|
vibration (quick deep pressure)
|
|
|
Miessner's Corpuscles
|
light touch and two-point discrimination
|
|
|
Ruffini's end organs
|
continuous deep pressure
|
|
|
hypodermis
|
below the dermis, that is a continuation of the dermis and is commonly included w/ the skin, although it is not part of the skin itself
|
|
|
papillary layer
|
has stubby projections called dermal papillae; these house capillaries, and sensors for pain and touch; folds in the layer in the palm and sole called dermal ridges produce folds in the overlying epidermis known as epidermal ridges or fingerprints
|
|
|
reticular layer
|
made of dense irregular connective tisse; the extracellular matrix of the dermis contains not only collagen but also significant amounts of elastin and reticular fibers
|
|
|
tension or cleavage lines
|
the collagen and other fibers in the dermis tend to align in groups
|
|
|
flexure lines
|
repeated folding of the skin in joint areas results in permanent folds
|
|
|
free nerve endings
|
react to pain, itching, and temperature
|
|
|
hair follicle receptor
|
encircling hair follicles- light, touch, and movement
|
|
|
Pacinian Corpuscles
|
vibration (quick deep pressure)
|
|
|
Miessner's Corpuscles
|
light touch and two-point discrimination
|
|
|
Ruffini's end organs
|
continuous deep pressure
|
