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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False: properties of an organic molecule depend only on the arrangement of its carbon skeleton, and not of its other molecular components.
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False. Ex. hydrocarbons are simply the framework for more complex organic molecules
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How do groups contribute to the unique properties of each molecules?
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Their arrangement
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In what two ways do groups of molecules contribute to function?
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1) participate in chemical reactions
2) by molecular shape... indirectly |
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What group is involved in chemical reactions?
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functional groups
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What are functional groups?
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the chemical groups are directly involved in chemical reactions
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True or False: Functional groups react to chemical reactions in the same ways.
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False. They are unique from one oranic molecule to another.
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What are the seven chemical groups most important in biological processes?
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1) hydroxyl
2) carbonyl 3) carboxyl 4) amino 5) sulfhydryl 6) phosphate 7) methyl |
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Which chemical group is not a functional group?
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methyl
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Which chemical group is not hydrophilic?
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methyl
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Which chemical group acts as a recognizable tag on biological molecules?
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methyl
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What is the name of the compound for hydroxl?
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Alcohols
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What are the 2 functional properties of hydroxl?
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1) Polar
2) hydrophilic (can dissolve organic compounds) |
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What is OH?
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Hydroxl
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What is the name of the compounds of Carbonyl? (2)
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Ketones and Aldehydes
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What are the 2 functional properties of Carbonyl?
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1) Ketones and Aldehydes may be structural isomers with different properties
2) Found in sugars |
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What is CO?
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Carbonyl
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What is the name of the compound of Carboxl?
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Carboxylic acids
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What are the 2 functional properties of Carboxyl?
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1) Has acidic properties
2) Found in cells |
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What is COOH
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Carboxyl
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What is the name of the compound for amino?
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Amines
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What are the 2 functional properties of Amino?
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1) Acts as a base
2) Ionized with a 1+ |
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What is NH2?
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Amino
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What is the name of the compound of Sulfhydryl?
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Thiols
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What are the 2 functional properties of Sulfhydrl?
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1) They can form covalent bonds and stabilize protein
2) Cross-linking cysteines contributes to curly or straight hair |
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What is SH?
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Sulfhydryl
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What is the name of the compound of Phosphate?
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Organic phosphates
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What are the 2 functional properties of Phosphate?
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1) contributes negative charge to the molecule that it's part of
2) Has the potential to react with water, releasing energy |
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What is OPO3?
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Phosphate
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What is the name of the compound Methyl?
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Methylated compounds
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What are the 2 functional properties of Methyl?
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1) addition of methyl to DNA affects expression of genes
2) Arrangement of methyl groups affect sex hormones. |
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What is CH3?
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Methyl
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What is ATP?
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adenosine triphosphate. It "stores" the ability to react with water, thus creating energy.
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What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of such a molecule?
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It has an amino group (NH2) and a carbosyl group (COOH) which makes it carboxylic acid
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What chemical change occurs when ATP reacts with water and releases energy?
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The ATP molecule loses a phosphate which makes it an ADP
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