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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is required for glycolysis to continue? |
its products of pyruvate and H must be constantly removed . H must be released from reduced NAD in order to regenerate NAD. |
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what are te two types of anaerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells? |
-in plants and microorganisms e.g.yeast, pyruvate--> ethanol and CO2 -in animals, pyruvate--> lactate |
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what happens in the production of ethanol in plants and some miroorganisms? |
the pyruvate molecule formed in glycolysis loses a CO2 molecule and accepts hydorgen form reduced NAD to produce ethanol. |
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whats the overall equation for production of ethanol in plants and microorganisms? |
pyruvate+reduced NAD-->CO2+ethanol+NAD |
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what do humans use anaerobic respiration of yeast for? |
for the brewing industry for ethanol by the natural fermentation of carbohydrates such as grape in wine production or barley seeds for beer production into ethanol. |
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when and where does lactate in animals most commonly occur? |
in muscles due to streneous exersize. |
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what occurs if oxygen is used up faster than it is supplied? what must be done if muscles need to keep working and so glycolysis must coontinue? |
-an oxygen debt -pyruvate molecules produced must take up 2 H atoms from reduced NAD produced and form lactate. |
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what is the overall equation for production of lactate in animals? |
pyruvate+reduced NAD-->NAD+lactate |
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lactate must be oxidised back to pyruvate. what happens to it next? |
its either further oxidised to produce energy or its converted into glycogen |
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what are the effects of lactate if left to accumulate in muscles? what is important in this case? |
-cramping and fatigue -that its removed by blood and converted into glycogen. |
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in what 2 ways is energy derived from cellular respiration? |
-substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis&krebs cycle (direct linking o Pi to ADP) -oxidative phosphorylation in electron transport chain(indirect) using Hatoms fromm glycolysis and krebs cycle carried by NAD&FAD. Most ATP produced this way. |
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what is ATP produced by anaerobic respiration formed by? what produces more ATP aerobic or anaerobic respiration? |
glycolysis. krebs cycle and electron transport chain takes no part. Aerobic produces more than anaerobic. |
