Biology

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the science that specializes in the study of all life is:

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Biology

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the word biology was coined by:

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Lamarck

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who is associated with the founding of the science of anatomy:

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Galen

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who is associated with demonstrating the circulation of blood in the human body

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harvy

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in aplying the princiles of the scientific method, a tentative conclusion based on observation is the:

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hypothesis

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redi disproved the theory of___of flies

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spontanesous generation

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any individual living plant or animal is appropriately termed a(an)

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organism

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the resolving power of the normal unaided eye is

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.1 millimeter

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x-rays were discovered by

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roentgen

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the study of evolution is the study of

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origins and relationshis amon living species

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inheritance and variation in living things are explained by the science of

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genetics

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scientists who specialize in tracking the pathways of disease outbreaks are

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epidemiologists

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any individual living plant or animal is appropriately termed an

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organism

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the technique of __ permits the biologist to separate unbelieveable small quantities of a substance into its many parts

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x-ray diffraction

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taking in of food is known as

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ingestion

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the chemical changes which change large food molecules in to smaller soluble ones are known as

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digestion

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the type of transport requiring energy is

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active transport

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energy releasing activities carried out by cells are known as

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respiration

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the wastes of cellular respiration are

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carbon dioxide and water vapor

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the movement of food coloring molecules through water without the application of energy is known as

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diffusion

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all of the biochemical activites in the body are included in the term

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metabolism

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reproduction that involves one parent is known as

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asexual

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when species lose their reproductive potential, they

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become extinct

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the long neck of the giraffe is considered to be an

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adaptation

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the first word in the species binomial refers to the

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genus

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the basic unit of classification is the

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species

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a mule can properly be described as a

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hybrid

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the name linneaus is best associated with

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taxonomy

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the scientific name is the same as the the

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species name

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Euglena is best classified as a

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protist

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tetrapods are animals that have four

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limbs

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all bacteria that cause disease are placed in the kingdom

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Eubacteria

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mushrooms are classified as

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fungi

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the current classification system consists of how many kingdoms

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6

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scintists are unable to agree on a standard definition of life. However they describe life in therms of the funcitons performed by living things. Which is not one of these funcions? Color - Growth - Tranportation - Nutrition

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Color

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In the six kingdom system, humans belong to the kingdom monera - T or F

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False

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the term used to refer to a trait that aids the survival of an individual aor a species to a given environment is

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adaptation

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the term used to develop a system to classify plants and animal is

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taxonomy

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kingdom phylum subphylum class order family genus species - Correct order? T or F

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True

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T or F: cells are basic units of energy which can be transferred as electric current in batteries

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False

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Which is not an example of a cell: ostrich egg - hair cell - fingernail - leukocyte

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fingernail

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multicellular organisms are produced from

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one cell

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the cells energy is used in the process of

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active transport

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because the cell membrane is highly selective in regard to the materials that can cross its boundary it is described as being

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selectively permeable

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the largest organelle in the cell is the

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nucleus

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the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called

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osmosis

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the shrinking of cytoplasm due to the loss of water molecules is known as

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plasmolysis

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molecules carried to the cell surface by vesicles are forced out of the cell by the process of

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exocytosis

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globular proteins are embedded in the ___ bilayer in the cell membrane

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phospholipid

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the prupose of the globular proteins in the cell membrane is to

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allow water soluble materials to enter and leave the cell

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fluid substances for export outside of the cell are stored temporarily in the membrane of the

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golgi apparatus

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the most numerous organelles in the cell are the

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ribososmes

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proteins for export are synthesized by __ that are attached to membranes of the ER

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ribosomes

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the main difference between animal cells and plant cells is

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animal cells do not have a cell wall; all plants have a cell wall

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in plants, the ___ conducts water and tis dissolved minerals upwardfrom the roots, awheras the ___ transports food material to all parts of the plant

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xylem ; phloem

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which process produces two new cells, identical to each other and contains the 2N number of chromosomes

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mitosis

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whch process produces four cells, each with an N number of chromosomes

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meiosis

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which process is the separation of the cytoplasm following nuclear division

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cytokinesis

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___ are plastids only found in plants and are responsible for the food making process known as ___

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chloroplasts ; photosynthesis

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which structure in the plant cell contains pigment that color the flowers, fruits, leaves and stems of plants

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vacuoles

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which structure in the cell contain hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of destroying the cell

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lysosomes

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bacteria are best described as

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prokaryotic cells

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muramic acid is isolated from the bacterial structure known as

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cell wall

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the funciton of the ribosomes is to

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translate mRNA into protein

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survival of the eubacteria is increased by the ability to

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form endospores

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nitrifying bacteria

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convert ammonia into nitrates

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the bacteria that live as parasites in the cells of ticks and mites are

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rickettsiae

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it is true that viruses

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reproduce

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tunicates are

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marine invertebrates

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a virus can reproduce only in

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living cells

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capsomeres are subunits of

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viral coats

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plamadesmata are

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cytoplasmic bridges between cells

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actinomycetes are at type of

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bacterium

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the protein coat of a virus is known as a

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capsid

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the cell membrane of the prokaryotes lacks the steroid

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chloresterol

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the only cellular organelle in bacteria is the

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ribosomes

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the evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the

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prochlorons

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the habitat of most blue greens is ____ water

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fresh

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a virus that infects bacteria is called a

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bacteriophage

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bacteria that are indifferent to oxygen are called

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faculatative anaerobes

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floating green plants that inhabit surfaces of lakes and oceans are known collectively as

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phytoplankton

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the methanogens belong to the kingdom

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archaebacteria

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evolution of protists involved the development of

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membrane bound organelles

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protists live - on land - in the sea - in fresh water

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all

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the primary purpose of the protozoan cyst is to

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survive unfavorable conditions

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trypanosoma gambiense is the organism that causes

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african sleeping sickness

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plamodium vivax is the organism

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that causes malaria

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trichocysts in ciliates serve mainly

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as defense mechanisms

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structures used for locomotion in the protists included all of the following except: pseudopods - legs - cilia - flagella

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legs

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paramecia move by means of

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cilia

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rhizoids are structures specialized for

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absorbing nutrients

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the plasmodium of true slime molds is best descrebed as

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multinucleate

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in part of the life cycle of the true slime molds sporangia are suported by structures

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fruiting bodies

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the yellow green algae lack

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clorophyll b

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an organism that lives inside of another and does harm to its host is known as a

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parasite

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noctiluca is noted for its

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biolumanescense

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nematocysts are used for

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stinging

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the protozoa are the

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animal - like protists

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the euglena is unique in that it has

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both plant-like and animal-like characteristics

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conjugation is

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a form of sexual reproduction

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limestone and chalk deposits are found in the shells of dead

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diatoms

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bacteria which form capsules make them

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more resistant to phagocytosis

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the DNA of prokaryotes is structured into

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a single chormosome

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a saprobe is an organism that

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absorbs material from dead cells

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septa are

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dividing walls

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gametangia are associated with

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sexual reproduction

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the only fungus division in which the gamestes are differentiated into sperm and egg is the

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oomycota

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a dikaryon is a cell that has

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a single nucleus and lots of cytoplasm

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rhizoids are characteristic of the fungus division

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zygomycota

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black bread mold is the type species for the fungus division

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zygomacota

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each class in the kingdom fungi uses special methods to produce

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spores

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fungi imperfecti are so named because

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sexual reproduction has not been observed in them

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mycorrhiza live in close association with

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plant roots

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chitin is a tough nitrogen containing polysaccharide that is present in

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the cell walls of most species of fungi - the exoskeletons of insects

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who dicovered the antibiotic properties of penecillium notatum

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alexander fleming

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lichens are organisms that

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are composed of an alga and a fungus - can inhabit bare rock and barks of trees - carry out photosynthesis

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is the production of vit K a funciton of fungi

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No

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which fungus is responsible for the fermentation of malt barley and hops to make beer

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saccharomyces cervisiae

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claviceps purpurea is responsible for

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ergot - ergotism, a disease of humans - LSD

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the common mushroom that we buy in the supermarkets belong to the division

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basidiomycota

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haustoria are

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specialized structures that penetrate the cell walls of plants to absorb nutrients

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chlamydomonas resembles the protists because it lives in water and swims by means of

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flagella

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the funciton of the pyrenoid body is to

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store starch

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the sea lettuce ulva has a life cycle that includes

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alteration of generations

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a thallus is

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a flat sheet of photosynthetic cells

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fucus is a representive species of the phaeophyta which have very prominent

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air bladders

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the greatest hazard to land dwelling plants is

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drying out

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waterproofing of land cells is made possible by cell walls composed of

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cutin

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examples of bryophytes are

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hornwort, liverwort, moss

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dried, ground stems of the horsetails are used in scouring poweder because their cell walls contain

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silica

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ferns are successful land plants because they have well-developed

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vascular systems

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in the gymnosperms, the megasporophyll is a (an)

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seed cone

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the embryo plant is protected inside of the

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seed

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in the flowering plants, te male reproductive structures are the

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stamens

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the part of the young root that pushes its way through the soil is the

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root cap

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xylem conduct water and minerals

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upward to the leaves

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phloem conduct fluid compounds

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downward from the leaves

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where on the leaf do oxygen and carbon dioxide pass in and out?

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on the underside of the leaf, through pores known as stomates

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the root cortex serves to

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store water and food

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an underground stem is called a

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rhizome

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a tendril is a specialized

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stem

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sap rises in trees due to the force created by

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transpiration

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the word meristem refers to

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rapidly growing cells

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herbaceous stems of monocotyledons do not have ___ and therefore do not increase appreciably in size

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cambium

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woody stems are composed od primary and secondary tissues; the primary tissues develop from ___, whereas the secondary tissues develop from ___

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meristem, cambium

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vascular bundles consist of

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xylem and phloem

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in the cnidaria, the body is composed of

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two tissue layers

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in jellyfish, the digestion takes place in the

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gastrovascular cavity

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coral reefs are formed by

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lime-secreting polyps

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medusae are produced by

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eggs and sperm

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flatwrom embryos differentiate into

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ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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bilateral symmetry brings with it

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refinement of body systems

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each tapeworm segment has a complete

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reproductive system

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a true statement about planaria is

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planaria show the first signs of cephalization

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the circulatory system of the annelid is

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closed

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the term metamerism refers to

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a series of identical segments

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the trochophore larva

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shows relationships between phyla

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the term dioecious means

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sex organs are in separate animals

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the nephridia in the nereis sandworm has a function similar to that of

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a kidney

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a true statement about the earthworm is

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earthworms copulate and exchange sperm

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cercaria are best associated with

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flukes

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animal flowers refer to

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sea anemones

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proglottids are segments of

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taenia

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the most advance phylum of invertebrates is

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mollusca

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the life cycle of the chinese liver fluke includes

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snails, fish and humans

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infection by hook worm can be avoided by wearing

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shoes

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the true coelom first apperars in the

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annelida

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the body of all mollusks is covered by a membranous

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mantle

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orientation to gravity is controlled by jellyfish sense organs known as

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statocysts

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the outstanding characteristic of the arthropods is

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jointed appendages

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book lungs are the breathing mechanisms of

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arachnids

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examples of malacostraca are

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lobsters and sow bugs

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ommatidia are structrual and functional units of the

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compound eye

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lobster embryos

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attach to the female swimmerets

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the insect body is divided into the

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head, thorax, abdomen

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the breathing holes on the abdomen of the grasshopper connect to

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tracheal tubules

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the growth and differentiation that tacke place in insect larva is controlled by the

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ecdysone

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if an outbreak of encephalitis should occur in a specific geographic locale, public health investigator would most likely search for organisms belonging to the order

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diptera

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culex pipiens is best described as a

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carrier

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plasmodium, a pathogenci protist, is most closely associated with the insect genus

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anopheles

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the mouthparts of mosquitoes are structred for

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piercing

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in order for their eggs to mature, female mosquitoes requier a meal of

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blood

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simple eyes are known as

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ocelli

Front 184

green glands have a ___ function

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excretory

Front 185

wing stubs in mosquitoes are used for the purpose of

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balancing

Front 186

the honey bee exhibits a specialized social structre called

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polymorphism

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mosquito species are identified by

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resting position of the adult and the shape of the larva

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drones, or fertile male honey bees develop from

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unfertilized eggs

Front 189

worker bees are

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sterile males

Front 190

a distinctive featue of the phylum echinodermata is the

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spiny skin

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sea stars have a functional

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water vascular system

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in the sea star a light sensitive eyespot is located

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at the tip of each arm

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the process in which embyros obtain nourishment from the yolk in the egg is described as

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ovoviviparous

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the dogfish is a

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shark

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teleosts are the

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bony fish

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the gill covering of the bony fish is the

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operculum

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it is true that fish

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have three semicircular canals

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the fetal membrane that functions as an organ of respiration and excretion is the

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allantois

Front 199

the reptiles are true land animals because they

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reproduce on land

Front 200

bipedal locomotion is characteristic of

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birds

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hollow bones, numerous air sacs and loss of teeth are adaptations for

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flying

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the four chambered heart first appeared in

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birds

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metamorphosis is best associated with

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frogs

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roe and milt are best associated with

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fish

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the number of sperm cells necessary to fertilize and egg is

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one

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the number of ovaries in a female bird is

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one

Front 207

egg laying mammals are known as

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monotremes

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the production of song in birds is associated with the

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syrinx

Front 209

the shark's skeleton is made up of

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cartilage

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the carapace and the plastron are best associated with the

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turtle

Front 211

an immature fish is called a

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fry

Front 212

the swim bladder enables the fish to float and is an outgrowth of the

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operculum

Front 213

the lateral line in sharks and fish are sensitive to

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pressure and light

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wings of birds are

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modified forelimbs

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which is NOT a special feature that distinguishes a primate from other mammals?

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sexual reproduction with ovaries and testes in separate organisims

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what adaptation has set humans apart from other primates

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bipedation - ability to speak - ability to write

Front 217

the coelome cavity in humans is divided into which areas

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pericardial cavity, pleural cavities and peritoneal cavity

Front 218

australopithecus africamus is considered to have been a

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human hominid

Front 219

a species of early human, the fossils of which have been found all over the world is

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homo erectus

Front 220

the early autotrophs were probably

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blue green algae

Front 221

the first living cells were probably

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heterotrophs

Front 222

the modern theory of the origin of life was initially developed by

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oparin

Front 223

darwin's theory of evolution is known as

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natural selection

Front 224

genes are sorted out and recombined by the process of

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sexual reproduction

Front 225

the age of the earth is measured by a process called

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radioactive dating

Front 226

uranium-238 ultimately turnes into

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lead

Front 227

it is estimated that the oldest rocks on earth are about ____ years old

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3 billion

Front 228

fossil plants and animals are dated by measuring the ___ content

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radioactive carbon and non-radioactive carbon ration

Front 229

fossil records may be found in which of the following conditions

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bogs, tar pits, coal, amber

Front 230

the theory of use and disuse was proposed by

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lamarck

Front 231

which of the following structures would support the theory of use and disuse

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appendix

Front 232

variation in terms of mutations was first explained by

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de vries

Front 233

the loss of genes from a population is known as

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genetic drift

Front 234

the experiments of ___ helped to explain how organic molecules appeared in the early seas

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miller

Front 235

changes that have taken place in the structure and energy of earth are classified as ___ evolution

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inorganic

Front 236

the kind of rock in which fossils are found is ___ rock

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sedimentary

Front 237

the nonliving factors in an ecosystem are referred to as

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abiotic

Front 238

the air is made up of

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21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, .03% carbon dioxide and inert gases

Front 239

the habitat of phytoplankton is the

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ocean surface

Front 240

an ecological niche is a

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feeding pattern

Front 241

the lives of organisms in and ecosystem depend upon the

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flow of energy through the ecosystem

Front 242

in a food chain, letuce is best classified as a

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producer

Front 243

the arrow in a food web diagram stands for

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is eaten by

Front 244

in a food web, hawks are best classified as

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predators(tertiary consumers)

Front 245

plants measure time and length of light by the action of ___, associated with the ___. this determines flowering

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phytochrome, cell membrane

Front 246

erosion, or the washig away of topsoil from the slopes of hills is best prevented by

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rooted plants - contour plowing

Front 247

an example of an adaptation that permits the survival of some plant species in the tropical rain forest is

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aerial roots

Front 248

the source of hydrogen for all living things is

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water

Front 249

the source of nitrogen for all living things is the atmosphere, but it must first be fixed by

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nitrogen fixing bacteria - lightning

Front 250

in desert biomed, the average rainfall is no greater than

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6.5cm

Front 251

examples of primary consumers in the marine biome are

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sardine and anchovy

Front 252

a biome is best defined as

Back 252

the living organisms in a given world wide climate

Front 253

aphids liver in the intestines of termites and digest cellulose for the termites. the termites provide the aphids with a protective environment. this relationship is best classified as

Back 253

mutualism

Front 254

one effect of global warming predicted by research geochemists is the

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premature melting of ice and snow

Front 255

a subarctic biome is designatedas

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taiga

Front 256

oil and coal

Back 256

considered nonrenewable

Front 257

the soil covering the earth measures about ___ in depth

Back 257

.9 meters

Front 258

strip cropping is

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not a negative effect of humans on the environment

Front 259

the orderly change of a biotic community is known as

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succession

Front 260

the seeds of most diciduous plants must go through a period of ___ before they can germinate

Back 260

cold

Front 261

excessive carbon dioxxide and methane gases continually released into the atmosphere cause

Back 261

the greenhouse effect

Front 262

the living community and the nonliving environment are known collectively as the

Back 262

ecosystem

Front 263

the number of species that can successively occupy a niche is

Back 263

one

Front 264

photosynthesis take place in the chlorolasts of green

Back 264

leaves - stems

Front 265

the important event of photosynthesis is the changng of ___ energy into ___ energy which is ultimately stored in ___

Back 265

light, chemical, sugar

Front 266

the raw materials of photosynthesis are

Back 266

carbon dioxide and water

Front 267

the by-products of photosynthesis are

Back 267

oxygen, sugar and water

Front 268

plant hormones affect

Back 268

groth and response to the enviornment - affect virtually every tissue of plant

Front 269

which of the following plant hormones affects the release of the food from the seed to the embryo plant

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gibberellins

Front 270

which of the following plant hormones controls root, stem and leaf growth

Back 270

gibberellins

Front 271

which plant hormones will cause the plant to bend toward sunlight

Back 271

auxin

Front 272

which plant hormone accumulate in stem tips and restrain the development of side stems or branches

Back 272

auxin

Front 273

which gas is produced by plants which controls the ripening of fruits and plays an important role in toe growth of seediling upward through the soil

Back 273

ethylene

Front 274

photoperiodicity is

Back 274

the lenght of the day and its relationship to flowering - different with different plants

Front 275

invertebrates are animals

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without backbones - lack cell walls - the most diverse group of animals in the kingdom animalia

Front 276

divides the aimal into equal and symmetrical halves when sectioned through the center

Back 276

spherical symmetry

Front 277

what is a characteristic of animals that have a head end a tail end and right and left sides

Back 277

bilateral symmetry

Front 278

embryonic animal cell layers or pirmary germ layers are

Back 278

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

Front 279

animals with simple body structures may develop from only ___ and ___ because ___ remains undifferentiated

Back 279

ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Front 280

species which reproduce when a part of parent cells breaks off and then continues its own existence is called

Back 280

budding

Front 281

species which reproduce when an unfertilized egg develops into a complete individual is called

Back 281

parthenogenesis

Front 282

sponges are composed of differentiated cells which are organized into specialized tissues

Back 282

false

Front 283

the skeleton of a sponge is made up of

Back 283

spicules - a protein known as spongin - lime or silica

Front 284

which structure in sponges is responisble for capturing micro ortanisms from water

Back 284

collar cells

Front 285

which structure in sponges are responsible for transporting digested molecules to other parts of the sponge

Back 285

collar cells

Front 286

spontes are hemaphrodites which means that

Back 286

eggs and sperm are produced in the same animal