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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mendel's Dihybrid Crossing Experiment devises the ____.
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Principle of Independent Assortment (Mendel's 2nd Law)
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The ____ of genes sufficiently far apart on a single chromosome can move independently of one another into gametes during meiosis
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Alleles
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Mendel's principles have been extended in his ________ using peas
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Monohybrid and Dihybrid crossing experiments
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_____ is when an allele influences two or more aspects of an individual phenotype
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Pleiotropy
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Knowledge of ___ between alleles of the ABO blood group is necessary for safe blood transfusions.
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co-dominance
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_____ occurs when both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
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Co-dominance
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The allele inherited from each parent is expressed in the _____.
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Phenotype
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_____ occurs when a heterozygote shows the phenotype intermediate between phenotypes of both parents
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Incomplete dominance
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What is a co-dominance?
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Occurs when both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
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____ linked genetic disorders
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X-chromosome
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A ____ allele on the x chromosome behaves as a dominant allele in males
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Recessive
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Males are ____ for x-linked genes
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Hemi-zygous
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_____ is due to the genes contained in the mitochondrion and chloroplast genomes
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Cytoplasmic Inheritance
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The trait always passes from the mother to her ____. Never from the father.
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Offspring
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In Mendel's Dihybrid Crossing Experiment, each gene has 2 alleles. One allele produces more _____ and the other allele produces less.
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Melanin Pigment
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The _____ can be used to predict all possible genotype and phenotype outcomes of the dihybrid cross.
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Punnet Square
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______ applies to unlinked genes located on different chromosomes and also to 2 genes located far apart on a single chromosome.
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
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The two alleles of a gene enter into ____ independently of the two alleles of the other genes during Meiosis.
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Gametes
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The two alleles of two different genes move independently of one another into gametes during Meiosis. This is called?
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Law of Independent Assortment
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What is the purpose of the Dihybrid Cross?
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Inheritance pattern on 2 genes of interest to be evaluated constantly, and controls impact of all other genes.
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Why are some genetic disorders inherited only from the female parent?
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Often described as sex-linked because men cannot be carriers. If there is not enough room in Y chromosome in order to carry certain genes, so they are often on the X-chromosome.
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Why do males suffer more frequently from X-linked, recessive genetic disorders than females?
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Males are hemi-zygous for x-linked genes due to have only one X chromosome
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Why is the allele that causes sickle-cell anemia described as "pleiotropic"?
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- Pleiotropy is when an allele influences two or more aspects of an individual’s phenotype
- Sickle cell anemia is caused a pleiotropic, mutant, beta-globin allele - Misshapen red blood cells - Poor circulation - Bone and kidney injury - Pain - Increased susceptibility to microbes |
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What is the Law of Segregation?
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2 alleles for each gene seperate during gamete formation
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What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
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Alleles of genes of non homologous chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation
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Mendel's Dihybrid Crossing experiment enabled Mendel to test if the YR and yr alleles from each parent move into gametes as a ____ or ______
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Linked Pair (YR and yr)
Independently (YR, Yr, yR, yr) |
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_____ is when some genes influence the expression of other genes in the phenotype
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Epistasis
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Cytoplasmic inheritance in humans is due to the ______ transmitting mitochondria to ALL children through egg
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Female parenting
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An allele is ______ when it influences 2 or more aspects of phenotype.
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Pleiotropic
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