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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Offspring inherit discrete units of heredity called ___ from each parent
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gene
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The alleles of each gene exist in pairs in each ____ individual because one allele is inherited from each parent
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Diploid
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Only one allele of each pair of alleles at a gene enters into each gamete during Meiosis to result in ____
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Haploid Gametes
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Different parental traits (____) don't mix in the offspring because a discrete allele for each trait is inherited from each parent
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Phenotype
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In some ____, only one of the two different alleles is expressed in the phenotype (Dominant) while the other allele is not (Recessive).
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Heterozygotes
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_____ recognized that the language of life must be in the form of a code stored and transmitted in DNA
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Medawar
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______ recognized that mutation occurs in the human genome and that mutation has medical consequences
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Schrodinger
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The ______ allows the inheritance pattern of one trait to be investigated
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Monohybrid crossing
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All other genes must be ____ to control for their impact on the inheritance pattern of the trait of interest
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identical
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Mendel replicated his monohybrid crossing experiments to increase the ability to identify ____ patterns in the data
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inheritance
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The traits inherited from each parent ____ in the offspring
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Do not mix
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Genetic information is transmitted in ____ that code for a specific trait
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genes
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A "Recessive Trait" that is _____ in a heterozygote in one generation can reappear in the next generation
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Hidden
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How many alleles does a gene have?
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Two
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Each gamete contains only one allele from each gene because only one ____ enters each gamete during meiosis
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sister chromatid
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Why do only one of the two alleles of a gene enter into each gamete during Meiosis?
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Because only one of the two homologous chromosomes enters into each gamete during meiosis
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In some ____, only one of the two inherited alleles is expressed in the phenotype
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Heterozygotes
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Achondroplasia
"A" causes the dominant, ___ phenotype "a" causes the recessive, ____ phenotype |
Dwarf
Wild-type |
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Why did Mendel replicate his monohybrid crossing experiments so extensively?
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-Because it allows us to analyze the inheritance pattern for one specific gene
-Mating experiment where 2 parents have diff alleles at only one specific genes (locus) |
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Purpose of the testcross
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To determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype
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Why do the alleles of a single gene exist in pairs?
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We inherit them from our parents. One set from each parent.
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Which cell division process allows the production of haploid (1n) gametes from diploid (2n) cells?
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Meiosis
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Is meiosis the basis of the Law of Segregation? Is meiosis the reason why only one allele of each pair enters into a gamete?
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The Law of Segregation: Each gamete consists only one allele from each gene because only one sister chromatid enters each gamete during meiosis
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How can wild-type parents of normal height have a child with achondroplasia?
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Some dwarf children have parents who are aa ♀ x aa ♂ because they inherited a mutated, dominant allele formed during egg or sperm formation in one of the parents
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How many alleles are inherited from each parent?
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One
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____ don't mix in the offspring
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Parental traits
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The identical genotypes at all other genes, such as loci, controls for their impact on the inheritance patterns of the _______.
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One gene of interest
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Why is replication the foundation of good science?
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Allows for much smaller chance/ margin of error
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