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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ is the number of chromosomes sets in the nucleus of the Eukaryotic cell
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Ploidy
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A _____ is a specific location on a chromosome that regulates a specific trait
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Locus
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What two terms are sometimes used interchangeably?
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Locus and gene
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____ are alternative forms of a single gene that contains different genetic information
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Alleles
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_____ of an individual describes the two alleles at a specific gene
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Genotype
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_____ can be describe as an individual's measurable anatomical, physiological, or behavioral traits that result from the interaction between its genotype and environment.
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Phenotype
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_____ indicates that each homologous chromosome has the same allele at a specific gene
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Homozygous
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A _______ remains constant after many generations of breeding between homozygous individuals who have this trait.
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True-Breeding Trait
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_____ indicates that each Homologous chromosome has a different allele at a specific gene
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Heterozygous
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Some _____ only express one of the two alleles of a specific gene in the Phenotype.
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Heterozygotes
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The ____ enables us to predict all possible genotypes of the gametes produced by each parent and all possible _____ and ____ of their offspring.
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Punnet Square
Genotypes Phenotypes |
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Where is ploidy located?
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Nucleus in Eukaryotic cell
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_____ and _____ genes interact with specific genotypes to _____ the risk of disease
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Environment and modifier
Increase |
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Which model system would you select to investigate the human brain?
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Human Genetics
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Why do the alleles of a single gene each contain slightly different genetic info?
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We inheret them from our parents, do not every gene is the same.
Different nucleotide sequences contribute to the slight differences in genetic info |
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How are pedigrees useful for the study of human genetics?
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Provide a mechanism to investigate inheritance patterns in humans
Patterns are helpful in finding out if a certain disorder is genetically related (sex-linked or autosomal) |
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Punnet Square is used to predict all possible ___ and ___ in offspring
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Genotypes and Phenotypes
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Which model system would be used to study the human being?
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Rats
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What would be an effective model system for investigating inheritance?
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Pea
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Why do the alleles of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes affect the risk of cancer?
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Many types of cancer are hereditary. (Increases risk)
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Heterozygous peas with one purple allele and one white allele always produce flowers with ____ petals
The purple phenotype is ___ to the white ___ phenotype. |
Purple
Dominant; Recessive |
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Crossing/Breeding/Mating experiments
P = ________ F1 = _______ F2 = ________ |
P = Paternal Generation
F1 = 1st filial Generation (1st generation of offspring) F2 = 2nd Filial Generation (2nd generation of offspring) |
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_____ is a mating experiment where the 2 parents have different alleles at one gene only
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Monohybrid Cross
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Why can't controlled breeding experiments be conducted on humans?
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The law forbids for humans to be experimented on
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The alleles of a single gene contain slightly different genetic info due to different _____.
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Nucleotide sequences
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