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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stem Cell
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-undifferentiated
-grows continuously and proliferates |
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What are the 4 types of potencies?
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-Totipotent
-Pluripotent -Multipotent -Unipotent |
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Totipotent
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can become any cell type, the best ones to get. Found only in early embryo
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Pluripotent
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2 weeks after conception
-any cell type in a fully developed person |
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Multipotent
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-most common in adults
-can become many cell types but limited |
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Unipotent
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can become nothing else but itself esp. nerve cells
-stem cells in the skin and bone marrow |
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Possible uses of stem cells
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-replaced diseased cells ex. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
-make new tissue organs -develop new medicines -prevent conditions from improper cell growth -prevent cancer and birth defects |
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Challenges of Stem cells
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Technical and Biological
-ethical ?'s where should the stem cells come from -legal limitations-most embryonic studies were haulted when Bush became president |
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Technical and Biological challenges
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-low numbers in adults
-reliability of correct cell types -rejections -overgrowth -decrease in other research -diseases crossing species |
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Ethical Questions of stem cells
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-blastocyst
-products of in vitro fertilization -cord and placental blood -aborted fetuses -adults |
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Embryo or fetus
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2-celled stage
4-celled stage 2-layered embryo (week 2) 3- layered embryo (week 3) |
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What are some legel limitations of stem cells
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2001-Federal funding limited
2004-17 new stem cell lines made but cannot be used by federally funded research |
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Ateries
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-carry the blood away from the heart
-thick muscular tubes -lumen hollow part of the tube -ethelium-lines the tissue |
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Capillaries
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-microscopic
-single layer of epithelial tissue -site of exchange between blood and cells -tightly compact -histones allow white blood cells out -exchange of gases and nutrients leek out |
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Sphincters
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allow pressure to exchange in the body
-very numerous in the body -used after eating |
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Veins
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-carry blood toward the heart
-large lumen -less muscular -blood pressure is very low -65% of ur blood is in the veins -skeletal muscle contraction |
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What keeps the veins going in the right direction??
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-gravity
-breathing -contraction of skeletal muscle -valve |
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Problems associated with veins
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-varicose veins
-pregnancy -women -genetics -obesity |
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Hemorrhiods
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can be internal or external
-can be painful itchy, or no symptoms -diet -constipation -veins have been extended and blown up |
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Heart
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2 sides(left and right)
-4 chambers (2 atria 2-ventricles) -valves |
