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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell
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the smallest unit of life that can carry out all functions of a living system
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robert hooke
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observed cork-named cells because looked like small rooms
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theodor schwann
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all living things come from cells
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louis pastuer
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-germ theory
-microorganisms cause disease |
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cell theory
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1. cells are the basic unit of life
2. all organisms are made of one or more cells 3. all cells arise from existing cells |
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light microscopes
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can magnify small objects up to 1000 times their actual size
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electron microscopes
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can magnify objects up to 1 million times their size
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cell membrane
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a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell's contents from it's enviroment
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phospholipid
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a type of lipid made from glycerol
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cytoplasm
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semi fluid substance made primarily of water and organic compunds
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cytoskeleton
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a network of protein fibers and tubes extending throughout the cytoplasm
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nucleus
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the control center of the cell and contains most of the cell's genetic information
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nuclear envelope
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a double membrane that surround the nucleus
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chromosome
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carries the genetic information (DNA) of the cell
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nucleolous
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the site of the robosome production
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mitochondria
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used to generate the energy necessary to power the cell's activities
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lysosomes
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organelles that are used to digest large molecules that the cell needs digested
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cell walls
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a tough rigid outer covering that protects a plant cell and helps maintain it's shape
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chloroplasts
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structures that enable plants to make sugars through photosynthesis
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vacuole
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a membrane bound compartment that serves many functions
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semipermeable membrane
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membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through and prevents other molecules from crossing
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active transport
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uses cellular energy to move substances across a cell membrane
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passive transport
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movement across the cell membrane without the input of cellular energy
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diffusion
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random movement of molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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concentration gradient
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the difference between the concentration between a particular molecule in one area and it's concentration in an adjacent area
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osmosis
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diffusion of WATER molecules across a semipermeable membrane
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exocytosis
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wastes and cell products are packaged by the golgi apparatus and the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and secrete the materials in the vesicles
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endocytosis
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molecules outside the cell are surrounded and the cell pinches off a sac-like portion of it's outer membrane to form a new vesicle
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