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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three methods by which prokaryotes transfer genetic material?
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transformation, translation, and conjugation
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Transformation
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DNA is taken up from the outside environment and integrated into the bacterial genome
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Transduction
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DNA or RNA transferred from one cell to another by a virus
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Conjugation
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genetic information is directly transferred via a temporary connection known as the conjugation bridge
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Generalized transduction
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DNA from any part of the host's chromosome becomes a part of the viral genome, replacing the viral genmome
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Specialized transduction
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DNA from a specific part of the of the host's chromosome becomes part of the viral genome, usually replacing some viral genes
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Hfr cells
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happens when the F plasmid becomes integrated into the genome and frequency of recombination is high when the cell trasports its genome to another cell
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What are Hfr cells often used for?
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figuring out the order of genes on a bacterial chromosome
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Average size of prokaryote?
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1-10 um
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Average size of eukaryotes?
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10-100 um
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Size of virus?
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20-300 nm
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Another name for virus
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obligate intracellular parasite
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RNA replicase
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transcribes new RNA from an RNA template
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Retroviruses need what enzyme?
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reverse transcriptase
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How does a virus escape immune detection?
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by integrating into the genome
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Retroviruses
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a special group of RNA viruses
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HIV is a type of...?
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Retrovirus
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Lytic cycle
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virus takes control of cell and makes it burst soon after it replicates enough of itself
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Lysogenic cyle
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viral DNA becomes integrated into the genome and in prophage form and remains dormant until some stimulus makes it "abandon ship"
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Most fungi possess cell walls made of what?
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Chitin
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Are all fungi heterotrophs?
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Yes
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T/F
Fungi release enzymes into their environment that breakdown complex molecules which they then absorb from their surrounding. |
T
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Multicellular fungi have what and are called?
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hyphae, mycelium
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Mushrooms
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filamentous fungi, the edible part is called the fruiting body
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Molds
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filamentous fungi, some called imperfect fungi since they have no known secual stages and reproduce only asexually
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Yeasts
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unicellular fungi, reproduce via budding, often used as a model for studying eukaryotic cells
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Lichens
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symbiotic joining of fungi and algae
-photosynthetic algae provides the fungi with food while the fungi provides an ideal area for the growth of the algae |
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T/F
Fungi produce either sexually or asexually. |
T
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Plasmogamy
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cell fussion of haploid nuclei
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Karyogamy
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nuclear fussion
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