Biology

Front 1

What type of major molecule is ATP for the all cells?

Back 1

major energy molecule

Front 2

Can cells use the energy stored in the bonds of a glocose molecule or a fatty acid molecule directly?

Back 2

No

Front 3

What do they convert energy stored in food?

Back 3

ATP molecules (usable energy)

Front 4

What does your body use to break down the glucose molecule into small ATP molecules?

Back 4

the Mitochondria

Front 5

Where is energy stored in within the ATP molecule?

Back 5

Phosphate bond

Front 6

What process is needed for the phosphate bonds to break off from the whole molecule?

Back 6

hydrolysis

Front 7

ATP→_?_ when hydrolysis takes place?

Back 7

ADP- b/c one phosphate group comes off. So its diphosphate

Front 8

What type of energy releasing reaction is it when the ATP→ADP+P?

Back 8

Exergonic

Front 9

What type of reaction is it when energy is stored?

Back 9

Endergonic (ADP+P→ATP)

Front 10

What is Passive Transport?

Back 10

its movement of substances across the cell membrane w/out any energy input by the cell.

Front 11

What are some types of passive transport movements?

Back 11

Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, and Ion Channels

Front 12

What is Diffusion?

Back 12

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 13

Molecules are in constant motion. But what causes Diffusion?

Back 13

It is caused by kinetic energy of molecules

Front 14

What is it called when substances diffuse equally throughout another substance?

Back 14

equilibrium

Front 15

What are some examples of molecules that can go through the cell membrane?

Back 15

oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids, and water.

Front 16

What is Osmosis?

Back 16

its the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of high to low conc.

Front 17

What is a hypotonic solution?

Back 17

it is when there is less water in cell so water flows into the cell

Front 18

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back 18

it is when there is more water in cell so water flows out of the cell

Front 19

What is Isotonic?

Back 19

It is when there is the same amount of water in and out of the cell

Front 20

For some organisms is it hard to maintain a water balance?

Back 20

No, b/c their external environment is isotonic

Front 21

What is Contractile Vacuoles?

Back 21

It is a vacuole that works like a pump excess water out of the cell.

Front 22

What do plants have that stop their cells from bursting?

Back 22

they have cell walls and turgor pressure

Front 23

What causes a plant to wilt in a hypertonic environment?

Back 23

plasmolysis

Front 24

What does facilitated Diffusion do?

Back 24

Its a process used for molecules that cannot diffuse across the cell membrane either b/c they are too large or may be not be lipid soluble

Front 25

What is the name of a protein that help transport membranes in or out of the cell?

Back 25

carrier proteins

Front 26

What are the three step in the process for facilitated diffusion?

Back 26

1. molecules binds to carrier proteins
2. carrier protein changes shape in order to sheild molecule from the hydrophobic environment
3. molecule is released on the other side of the membrane

Front 27

Can ions diffuse through lipid bilayer?

Back 27

no, there are specific channels for each type of ion are present in cell membrane

Front 28

T or F
-Some channels are gated or others always open.

Back 28

T

Front 29

Can the membrane open a closed channel if stimulated by another cell or hormone?

Back 29

yes

Front 30

Active Transport

Back 30

Molecules transported against their concentration gradient. So it would need energy

Front 31

What kind of pump is a Sodium- Potassium Pump?

Back 31

its a protein pump

Front 32

Do cells need a higher concentration of sodium outside the cell and higher concentration of potassium inside of cell?

Back 32

yes

Front 33

What do potassium ions aid in?

Back 33

in enzyme functions

Front 34

T of F
-sodium concentration balance must be maintained in order to also maintain osmotic balance

Back 34

T

Front 35

Sodium Potassium Pumps are important in sending what impulses?

Back 35

nerve impulses

Front 36

what do proton pumps do?

Back 36

they send H+ or protons across the membrane

Front 37

What are proton pumps important for?

Back 37

for parietal cels in stomach to keep pH level low

Front 38

Where are contractile vacuoles found?

Back 38

they are found in freshwater organisms that live in hypotonic environments.

Front 39

What do contractile vacuoles do and what do they prevent?

Back 39

it pumps extra water out of the cell so that they don't burst

Front 40

What is Endocytosis?

Back 40

process in which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles into the cell
(the cell membrane folds inward and forms vesiclesin cell)

Front 41

What are the two types of Endocytosis?

Back 41

1. pinocytosis
2. phagocytosis

Front 42

What is pinocytosis?

Back 42

It is where it transports solutes or fluids

Front 43

What is phagocytosis?

Back 43

it is where it transports large molecules or whole cells

Front 44

What is exocytosis?

Back 44

its the process in which vesicles inside the cell fuse with the cell membrance in order to release its contents to the outside

Front 45

What can exocytosis also be used as?

Back 45

it can be used to remove waste or for a secretory cell to release its products.