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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the phylums for seedless non-vascular plants (bryophytes)
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phylum hepatophyta (liverworts), phylum anthocerophyta (hornworts), phylum bryophyta (mosses)
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Where are mosses located?
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deserts, Antarctica, moist areas
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Describe bryophytes
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seedless, non-vascular, heteromorphic alternation of generations (gametophyte dominant), water necessary for sexual reproduction, no true leaves, stems or roots
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What is the plant life cycle called?
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alternation of generations
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What are the phases of the alternation of generations?
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sporophyte-sporangium, spore mother cell, spore (meiosis), gametophyte (2n)-archegonium (egg) or anteridium (sperm)- zygote (fertilization)-embryo-sporophyte
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During the sporophytic phase describe the embryo?
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is completly dependent on the gametophyte
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Main groups of plants are called ?
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embryophytes
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What are seedless non-vascular plants called? what is a key characteristic of these plants.
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bryophytes; they do not have true roots, stems or leaves lack xylem and phloem
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What three phylums belong to bryophytes and what are their common names.
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Phylum Heptaophyta- liverworts
Phylum Anthocerophtya- horn worts Phylum Bryophyta- mosses |
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What is the dominant generation in bryophytes?
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gametophyte
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What is a term used to describe any plant body that is not differentiated into true root, stem and leaf?
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thallus
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Describe the structure of mosses.
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radially symmetrical plants that are differentiated into leaf-like and stem-like structures
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What are three types of liverworts?
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simple, complex thalloid and leafy liverworts
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What type of liverworts compose the majority of liverworts?
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leafy liverworts
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What is a term for flat and branched dichotomously?
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thalloid
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What does bi-sexual mean?
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male (sperm-producing) and female (egg-producing) gametes are produced on the same plant
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What does unisexual mean?
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different individuals are either male or female
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What is an archegonia and an antheridia?
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archegonia- egg producing structure
antheridia-sperm producing strucutre gametangia embedded in gametophye |
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How are the eggs fertilized in liverworts?
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sperm swim to eggs and fertilize them at maturity
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What does the embryo in liverworts mature into?
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a mature sporophyte
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What are sporocytes and where are they located?
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spore mother cells in the sporophyte; gives rise to four spores
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What are gemma cups?
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are structures that house gemmae; tiny lens- shaped pieces of thallus that are a form of asexual reproduction in liverworts
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Are Marchantia haploid or diploid?
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haploid
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What kind of roots do bryophytes have?
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rhizoids
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What are tubular structures of one or more cells, which is used to anchor the thallus to the substrate?
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rhizoid
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What kind of plant is this? what phylum does it belong?
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thallose liverwort
Hepatophyta |
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Waht kind of plant is this and what Phylum does it belong? is it a female or male?
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thallose liverwort
Hepatophyta female and male |
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What are antheridiophores and archegoniophores?
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antheridiophores- disk-headed branches
archegoniophores- spoke-headed branches w/ archegonia |
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What is the image of?
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a Marchantia archegonium
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Is there archegonia on the lower or upper surface of the archegoniophore? what about the anteridia on the antheridiophore?
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archegonia aer on the lower surface
antheridia are on the upper surface |
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What does the "spalsh plateform" on the antheridial disk do?
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serves to transfer sperm
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Is the sporophyte on the liverworts haploid or diploid?
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diploid
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Where is the sporophyte located on the liverworts?q
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grows through the venter of the archegonial head
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What are elaters?
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have spirally arranged hygroscopic (moisture-absorbing) wall thickenings, which are sensitive to light and changes in humidity so they aid in spore dispersal
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What is the image of?
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a Marchantia archegonium
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What is this structure?
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a sporophyte coming from the archegonial head on a liverwort
identify the spores, elater, stalk and capsule |
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Describe the structure of a leafy liverwort.
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it is bilaterally symmetrical; doesn't have a midrib
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What is this an image of? what phylum does it belong to?
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leafy liverwort, Hepatophyta
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What is different about the Anthoceros hornwort's sporophyte?
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contains a basal meristem
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Which bryophytic phylum has capsules and what do they look like?
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Hornworts; Anthocerophyta
in the sporophyte; appear like horns |
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What is a protonema?
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a system of branching filaments derived from a germinating spore
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What are the three types of mosses?
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true mosses, peat moss or SPhagnum,
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