Biology 3.03

Front 1

_____ _________ is the process that breaks down food both physically and chemically so that the body can absorb needed components.

Back 1

Human Digestion

Front 2

The human digestive system contains many parts that break down food __________ and _________.

Back 2

physically and chemically.

Front 3

In humans, _________ begins in the mouth.

Back 3

digestion

Front 4

Humans are

Back 4

omnivores

Front 5

Human digestion breaks down food physically and chemically in a ________ ___ process.

Back 5

multiple step

Front 6

The _____ step of digestion begins when _______ in your saliva start breaking down the _____________ in the food.

Back 6

first, enzymes, carbohydrates

Front 7

As ____ moves through the ______ of your digestive system, _______ other enzymes play a role in ________ down the various __________.

Back 7

food, organs, several, breaking, components

Front 8

Choking:

Back 8

A piece of cartilage called the epiglottis normally covers a person's trachea (air tube) to keep food from going down the wrong way. Choking occurs when food gets into the trachea and blocks the flow of air. If the person can cough, he or she can most likely get the food out by continuing to cough. But a person who is choking cannot breathe, cough, or make any sounds, and may require a first aid technique called the Heimlich maneuver to dislodge the blockage.

Front 9

esophagus is about __ centimeters long.

Back 9

25

Front 10

cells in the stomach wall secrete an _____ blend of gastric juice, which has two main components:

Back 10

acidic, hydrochloric acid (HCI) and pepsin.

Front 11

both hydrochloric acid (HCI) and pepsin are involved in the _______ _________ __ ________.

Back 11

chemical breakdown of proteins

Front 12

the stomach produces about _ liters of __________ ___ a day.

Back 12

2, hydrochloric acid

Front 13

Fluid called ___________ is released after a round of digestion to neutralize the acid.

Back 13

bicarbonate

Front 14

Bicarbonate is a ____, and ______ function in opposition to acids.

Back 14

base(s)

Front 15

small intestine:

Back 15

duodenum

Front 16

Once the stomach has pulverized the food, the partially digested mass enters a long, coiled tube called:

Back 16

the small intestine aka duodenum

Front 17

the length of the small intestine is:

Back 17

nearly 7 meters (20 feet long), which is longer than a car

Front 18

connected to the first part of the small intestine are three different organs:

Back 18

pancreas, the liver, and the gallbladder.

Front 19

the pancreas, the liver, and the gallbladder each play a role in supplying _______ that aid in the digestion of food.

Back 19

enzymes

Front 20

the _____ manufactures bile salts that break down fats.

Back 20

liver

Front 21

the __________ stores bile from the liver and releases it as needed.

Back 21

gallbladder

Front 22

The ________ produces enzymes that break down _____________, ________, ____, and ______ acids.

Back 22

pancreas, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids

Front 23

much of the transfer of food _________ that are ready to make their way to the body cells occur at special structures that line the wall of the small intestine.

Back 23

molecules

Front 24

the inner surface of the small intestine is covered with millions of _____.

Back 24

villi

Front 25

villi:

Back 25

tiny extensions that look like little fingers.

Front 26

what do villi do?

Back 26

the villi trap molecules of the digested food pulp as it moves through the small intestine.

Front 27

inside the villi are ___________.

Back 27

capillaries

Front 28

calliparies are:

Back 28

blood vessels that are connected to the veins and arteries of the circulatory system.

Front 29

food molecules move from the small intestine into the __________, and then move into the __________.

Back 29

capillaries, bloodstream

Front 30

the capillaries in the villi move the food molecules into the bloodstream, and the blood then moves through the _____ for one last digestive effort.

Back 30

liver

Front 31

as nutrient-packed blood enters the liver, extra sugar in the ____ is stored in the _____ as ________ can be broken down into ______. Toxins are filtered from the blood broken down or stored in the liver.

Back 31

food, liver, glycogen, glucose

Front 32

where are toxins filtered from?

Back 32

the blood

Front 33

amino acids are _______ into forms that the body needs.

Back 33

altered

Front 34

certain ________ and ___ are stored in the liver.

Back 34

vitamins and iron

Front 35

after passing through the liver, the food molecules are carried through the bloodstream to all body cells to supply nutrients and the glucose they need for _________ _________ and the production of ATP.

Back 35

cellular respiration

Front 36

the large intestine is much shorter than the small intestine, but it has a larger ________ and is not ______ up.

Back 36

diameter, coiled

Front 37

the main function of the large intestine:

Back 37

to absorb any remaining minerals and water in the waste of digestion

Front 38

the large intestine harbors:

Back 38

colonies of bacteria

Front 39

the colonies of bacteria that the large intestine harbors produces:

Back 39

several compounds that the body cannot make on its own

Front 40

several compounds that the body cannot make on its own:

Back 40

vitamin k and many types of vitamin B

Front 41

the bacteria also helps:

Back 41

compress the indigestible materials into solid waste called feces,

Front 42

where do feces exit the body?

Back 42

through the rectum and anus

Front 43

what does the food a human eats contain?

Back 43

vital compounds that need to be released from the food and transferred into the body cells.

Front 44

where, specifically, does the food molecules enter into the bloodstream?

Back 44

small intestines

Front 45

the large intestines helps rid the body of undigested materials and w_____ products.

Back 45

waste