Biology 30 Human Eye

Front 1

Sclera

Back 1

Outer covering of eye. White of the eye. Protects inner layers.

Front 2

Cornea

Back 2

Transparent part that protects the eye. Refracts light towards the pupil.

Front 3

Aqueous Humor

Back 3

Watery liquid that protects the eye and and supplies cornea with nutrients.

Front 4

Choroid layer

Back 4

Middle layer of tissue that contains blood vessels.

Front 5

Iris

Back 5

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Front 6

Retina

Back 6

Inner layer of tissue at the back of the eye containing photoreceptors.

Front 7

Rods

Back 7

Photoreceptors that operate in dim light. In black and white.

Front 8

Cones

Back 8

Photoreceptors that operate in bright light. Identify colour.

Front 9

Vitreous humor

Back 9

Maintains shape of eyeball.

Front 10

Pupil

Back 10

The opening in the iris that allows light into the eye

Front 11

Lens

Back 11

Focuses the image on the retina. Disk.

Front 12

Fovea Centralis

Back 12

Most light sensitive part of retina. Contains only cones.

Front 13

Blind spot

Back 13

Where the optic nerve connects to retina

Front 14

Rhodopsin

Back 14

Pigment found in rods of eye that releases neurotransmitters. Bright light: breaks down faster than can be restored.

Front 15

Colours that cones are sensitive to and colour blindness

Back 15

Red blue green. Colour blindness is red and green not working.

Front 16

Accommodation

Back 16

Adjustments made by lens and pupil to identify near and distant objects. Close object: ciliary muscles contract, ligaments go slack, lens becomes thicker. Far object: ciliary muscles relax, ligaments are stretched, lens thins.

Front 17

Why do people need reading glasses as they age?

Back 17

Layers of transparent protein covering lens becomes increase with age, making the lens harden. It loses flexibility.

Front 18

Glaucoma

Back 18

Build up of aqueous humor increases pressure in eyeball when ducts don't drain excess. Retina cells begin to slowly die causing gradual loss of sight.

Front 19

Cataract

Back 19

When lens or cornea becomes opaque, preventing light from passing through

Front 20

Astigmatism

Back 20

Vision defect caused by abnormal curving of the lens or cornea

Front 21

Nearsightedness (myopia)

Back 21

Eyeball is too long, can focus near not far, image is focused in front of retina, glasses are concave.

Front 22

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Back 22

Eyeball is too short, image is focused behind retina, can see far but not near, glasses are convex.

Front 23

Order that light enters eye

Back 23

Cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina