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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If a drug was introduced that inhibited carbonic anhydrase, which concentrations of ions would increase in the urine?
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1. Na+ and other solutes
2. HCO3- 3. H2O |
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The kidneys excrete acidic urine when:
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more H+ is secreted into tubular lumen than HCO3- are filtered into glomerular filtrate
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Secretin stimulates secretion of:
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bicarbonate ion in pancreatic juice
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Hunger pangs arise from:
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peristaltic contractions of the stomach
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Bile salts make fats more susceptible to action of lipases by:
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increasing surface area of the fat globules
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Where is urine formed from?
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the fluid in the tubule lumen
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What is the function of enterogastrone?
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it is released from the duodenum when chyme is fatty, slowing stomach peristalsis, and allowing more time to digest fats
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What is the function of CCK?
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CCK is secreted in the duodenum in response to chyme and stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes/release of bile
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What occurs when the glomeruli are unable to filter adequate amounts of fluid?
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retention of salt and water; decrease in urine output; excess extracellular fluid in body tissue (edema); cannot excrete urea and urea in blood increases
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Where is the vitamin K we need for blood coagulation synthesized?
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from intestinal bacteria residing in our colons
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What do red blood cells lose during maturation in the bone marrow?
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nuclei, mitochondria, and other membranous organelles
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How do red blood cells obtain their ATP?
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anaerobically, via glycolysis
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How does fetal circulation differ from adult circulation?
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1. in FC, blood is oxygenated in placenta while in lungs in AC
2. FC route contains 3 shunts that divert blood away from developing liver and lungs 3. Fetal Hb has higher O2 affinity than adult Hb |
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What are the three shunts involved in fetal circulation and respiration?
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1. Foramen Ovale: shunts blood from pulmonary circulation by connecting RA and LA.
2. Ductus Ateriosus: keeps blood in RV from pulmonary artery by shunting it directly to aorta 3. Ductus Venosus: blood bypasses liver and directly to inferior vena cava via this shunt |
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Where does growth occur in long bones?
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epiphyseal plates
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What occurs when plasma osmolarity rises above normal levels?
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1. osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete ADH (vasopressin) to increase water permeability and reabsorption
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If urine is dilute, is there a lack of or too much of ADH?
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lack of ADH; letting water be excreted instead of absorbed into body
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Dehydration occurs because of:
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an excess excretion of dilute urine
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What would occur if acetycholinesterase were inhibited?
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acetylcholine will not be degraded into choline and acetate; the acetylcholine concentration in the synapse will increase since the presynaptic membrane will continue to secrete the same amount of acetylcholine in reponse to incoming action potentials; an increase in postsynaptic depolarization would occur as well
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How can one determine the number of genetically unique gametes? (formula)
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2 to the "nth" power, where "n" is the number of heterozygous gene pairs that the individual has
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T/F: DNA replication consists of each daughter strand containing one parental strand and one new strand
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True
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What is the order of taxonomy classifications, from most diverse to most simliar?
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
(KPCOFGS) |
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Nitrogenous waste in the form of urea, uric acid, or ammonia is produced during the hydrolysis of:
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proteins
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How is CO2 typically transported in the blood?
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in the form of HCO3-
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